GCSE Music
DR SMITH Definitions
Elements of Music守护者联盟
&
Listening and Appraising Support
Dynamics– Volume in Loud (Forte) &
Quiet (Piano).
Duration– The length of notes, how many beats they last for.
Link this to the time signature and how many beats in the bar. R Rhythm– The effect created by combining a
variety of notes with different durations. Consider
syncopation, cross rhythms, polyrhythm’s, duplets and triplets. S Structure– The overall plan of a piece of music
e.g Ternary ABA and Rondo ABACAD, ver/chorus.
M Melody– The effect created by combining a
variety of notes of different pitches. Consider the movement
e.g steps, skips, leaps.
Metre– The number of beats in a bar e.g 3/4, 6/8
consider regular and irregular time 4/4, 5/4.
I Instrumentation– The combination of
instruments that are ud, consider articulation and timbre
e.g staccato, legato, pizzicato.
T Texture– The different layers in a piece of
Music e.g polyphonic, monophonic, thick, thin.
Tempo– The speed of the fast (Allegro),
Moderate (Andante), & slow (Lento / Largo).
Timbre– The tone quality of the music, the
different sound made by the instruments ud.
Tonality– The key of a piece of music e.g Major
(happy), Minor (sad), atonal.二批商
H Harmony– How notes are combined to build up
chords. Consider concords and discords.
Elements of Music – Music Vocabulary Dynamics - Volume
Fortissimo (ff) – Very loud
Forte (f) – Loud
Mezzo Forte (mf) – Moderately loud
Mezzo Piano (mp) – Moderately quiet
Piano (p) – Quiet
Pianissimo (pp) – Very quiet
广西鬼节Crescendo (Cresc.) - Gradually getting louder Diminuendo (Dim.) - Gradually getting quieter Subito/Fp – Loud then suddenly soft
Dynamics - Listening
Is the music loud or quiet?
Are the changes sudden or gradual?
Does the dynamic change often?
Is there u of either a sudden loud ction or note, or complete silence? Is the u of dynamics linked to the dramatic situation? If so, how does it enhance it?
Duration/Rhythm (length of notes etc.)
Note crotchet, quaver
Pul/beat
Triplets/duplets
Dotted rhythms
Cross Rhythms – Similar to polyrhythms but rather than just different rhythms playing, usually two different time signatures as well. Polyrhythms – Two or more independent rhythms.
Syncopation – beats played on the weaker beats of the bar; jumpy rhythms.
Ostinato/Loop/Repetition – Repeated Patterns of music
Phra length and shape (arch shape, spiky shape)
Phra structure
How long a piece of music lasts.
Do the rhythms change as the piece progress?
Time Signatures – Simple 2/4, 3/4 or 4/4; Compound 6/8, 9/8 or 12/8 and irregular 5/4, 7/4 or 9/4.
Duration/Rhythm - Listening
What rhythms can you hear?
Are there many rhythmic ideas or just a few?
Is the rhythm on the beat or is there syncopation?
Does the compor u veral rhythmic ideas together? (This can overlap with consideration of texture).
护理个案论文Structure/Form
Binary - A B (a way of structuring a piece of music).
Ternary - A B A (a structuring mechanism of a piece of music).
Da Capo Aria – A B A (aria is a solo vocal piece. Da Capo means go back to the beginning. Popular during Baroque Period)
Minuet and Trio – A B A (popular during Classical Period)
Rondo - A B A C A D A etc.
Ritornello – A ction that keeps returning (similar to rondo)
Arch-form – Sectional structure for a piece of music bad on repetition. Ground Bass – Repeated bassline.
Canon – Many melodies added one at a time (usually melodies upon a ground bass)
Theme and Variations – Subject followed by t of variations on the subject.
Indian Raga – Alap, Jhor, Jhala & Gat/Bandish
Aleatoric/indeterminacy/Chance – Music in which some or all of the performance is left to chance (Experimental Music).
Sonata – a piece played as oppod to singing.
Through compod – Music that changes regularly throughout (Bohemian Rhapsody – Queen).
Cyclic – repeated music.
假如爱是你给的牢Popular Song Structure
Intro
Ver (A)
Chorus (B)
Bridge
Middle Eight (C)
Outro/Coda
Strophic – Term ud to describe Ver/Chorus structure
Structure/Form - Listening
What is the structure or form of the piece?
Do any of the ctions within an individual piece repeat?
Are repetitions exact or varied?
What different dramatic effects are achieved?
What is the overall structure of the music?
In a comparison question – Do both versions u the same structure? Are both versions the same length or does one have a longer introduction, for example?
Melody/Pitch
Step – next door notes.
Hop/skip – notes that are a 3rd apart.
网站忧化Leap – notes that are further apart than a 3rd.
Scalic – descending/ascending within a scale.
Interval – Distance between two notes.
Chromatic –notes that don’t belong to a key.
Glissando – Rapid scalic movement on an instrument.
Ostinato – Repeated pattern.
Sequence – Repeated pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
Riff/motif – A short, repeated pattern, often in the bass part.
干粉灭火器不适宜扑救Imitation – A ction of music that is imitated by another part or instrument.
Pitch Names (treble, bass & alto clef)
Sharp, flat and natural notes
Octave – The 8 diatonic notes between two notes of the same name. Intervals – the distance between 2 notes.
Range of instruments
Diatonic key (major/minor)世界经典童话
Tonic – 1st degree of a scale
Subdominant – 4th degree of a scale
Dominant – 5th degree of a scale
Pentatonic – 5 note scale
Raga – Indian scale
Note Row/Basic Series – Serialism
Melody/Pitch - Listening
Is the melody stepwi or mostly in leaps (conjunct or disjunct)?
Does it cover a wide or narrow range of pitch?
Is it high-pitched or low-pitched?
How is it accompanied?
Is it diatonic or chromatic?
Is there a single melody or more than one (as in an enmble or duet)? Metre– Plea e Duration/Rhythm
