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高考英语语法——常用的57个介词大归纳高考常用重点介词归纳
1.about
about关于,对于,在附近,在…周围,在…范围
在指"不久就要……"时,后通常接不定式,如about to start。也有接动名词,如about starting。但是不可再加表示时间的词,如不可说about starting at once;
指"大约"的意思时,表达方式有about ten,about half等。注意ten和half都是明确的数量,about不该用在"多少不定"的词前,如about more than ten,about less than half;与at搭配使用时,about是副词,没有at时,about是介词。句中可有at,也可没有,意思相同。I went(at)about five (o'clock).
2.above
above在…以上(标准)超过,过于
表示位置时笼统指"在上方",不一定垂直,也不与其宾语相接触。
The glider was soaring above the valley.
干部管理条例
那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。
Applicants must be above the age of 18.
申请者的年龄必须超过18岁。
The temperature has been above the average recently.近来的气温一直比平均温度高。
The sun ro above the horizon.
太阳升到地平线上。
The bird is flying low above the water.
那只鸟在水面上低飞。
A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.海军的上校军衔高于陆军的上尉军衔。
3.across杨氏之子的翻译>白翳
across交叉,横穿,在…(对面)那边
across意为从一头到另一头,处于跨越的位置。后常加from,如:美梦打一成语是什么成语
He lives across (the street) from my hou.
他住在我的房子的对面。
与across不同,through是指在三维空间里移动。如:We walked across the ice.
I walked through the wood.
4.after
after在…之后(时间),在…后面
注意after和in的使用:从某时说到多少时间以后,不用after,而用in。如果指"某个时刻,日期或事件以后",用after。
He will/would arrive in four weeks.
He will(或would)arrive after four o'clock/5July/the ceremony.
表达"某事件的若干时间以后"时,应是"若干时间after事件",而不是"after若干时间of事件"。可说two hours after his arrival,不可说after two hours of his arrival。在"two hours after his arrival"前加不同的介词,有不同的意思:"two hours after his arrival"单用时指"他到达两小时以后"。若前面加the,如the two hours after his arrival指"他到达以后的两小时",加for指"在他到达以后
的两小时全段时间里",加in跟没有in意思相同,加within 指"在他到达以后的两小时中的某时刻";
指"若干时间after日期或月份"时,常把当天的日期或当月除外。如five days after 3 July,指从7月4日算起的5天以后,也就是7月9日。但有例外,five days after I July 可能指7月8日,months after July可能指11月,注意避免这种结构产生误解;
指"从过去的某时或某事说到现在"时,不用after,用since,所以可说Since his graduation he has been abroad.(since 不可改成after)一定要改的话,可表示为After his graduation he went abroad.这里的after是介词,用作连接词时用法一样。
设备购销合同范本
He went abroad after he graduated.
不可说 He has been abroad after he graduated.
周武王简介half after four,five minutes after eight等是美国英语,相当于英国英语half past four,five minutes pa
st eight等,英国方言中也有half after four等表达方式;after引导的状语从句,用现在时态,不用将来时态。
巨贸制氧机I shall start after he comes.
after常指时间先后的次序,而behind常指位置,如August comes after July,用after,,而A garden lies behind the hou,用behind。不过有时after和behind可以通用。Plea shut the door after/behind you.
He came in after/behind her.
5.against
against相反,反对,逆着,靠着
1.against用在fight,strive,struggle等词后面,同with 意思相同,不过against更强调一种困难中的反抗。
We fight for the weak against the strong.
2.作为介词,against后接的宾语有时可省略。
He had intended to come but somehow decided
against(it).
3.against作"反对"解时反义词是for。
There are 26 votes for him and 8 against him.
有26票赞成他,8票反对他。
We sailed against the wind.