常见介词的用法
一.about作介词的用法:
①.关于
a. What are you talking about ?
b. I read about it in today’s newspaper.
c. When I first saw you together, I was so happy about it.
d. You are entirely wrong about the whole matter.
e. He said he had to e me about something important.
f. I have no doubt about that.
②.在…周围, 围绕
a. There was a white fence about the hou.
b. I went clor, and he put his arms about me.
③.在…范围内, 到处
a. After tea I wandered alone about the town.
b. He walked for three hours about the London street.
④.在…附近, 在身边
a. The streets about the park are very clean.
b. She likes to have her children about her.
⑤.在身上, 在身边
a. Do you have two hundred yuan about you ?
b. I happen to have a pencil about me.
⑥.词组或固定搭配: e about负责处理; t about开始着手做某事
二.above作介词的用法:
①.在…上方
a. The moon was now above the trees in the east.
b. The shelf should be six feet above the level of the floor.
②.在.. .之上, 比…高, 高于, 超过
a. The temperature was only a degree above zero.
b. He is a head above me.
c. Above 200 people were there when the fire broke out.
d. All children above six years of age must go to school.
③.词组或固定搭配: above all首先, 最重要的是
三.across作介词的用法:
①.穿过, 跨过(从一边到另一边)
a. There is no bridge across the river.
b. He hurried across the bridge to Waterloo.
②.在(河, 街等的)另一边
a. The bus stop is just across the road.
b. Across the street was a café full of people.
③.交叉
a. He sat with his arms across the chest.
b. At one point the railway line goes across the road.
④.在…全境, 在…境内
a. There are hundreds of such shops across the country.
b. The measures are already taken in a few places across the United States.
⑤.词组或固定搭配: come acorss偶然碰到
四.after作介词的用法:
①.(指时间)在…之后
a. What shall we do after graduation ?
b. He was still weak after his long illness.
c. After nding that letter I realized how stupid I was.
d. After having had twelve months’ practice, I decided to make one more effort.
②.(指空间)在…后面
a. He entered the room after his father.
b. He called after me three or four times.
③.照…的样子, 跟着
a. Will you plea make the box after this model ?
b. The boy was named after his uncle.
④.词组或固定搭配: after all毕竟, 究竟; after dark天黑之后; be after想得到, 寻求, 追求; go after追求, 设法得到; look after照顾, 照看; one after another一个接一个地
五.against作介词的用法:
①.表示反对关系:
a. I will speak against anything that I know to be wrong.
b. Many of the students are against the plan.
②.(表位置早餐的单词)靠着, 顶着, 迎着, 衬着
a. The piano stood against the wall.
b. He could hear the rain pattering against the windows.
c. The trees were black against the morning sky.
d. He struck her head against the branch of a tree.
③.预防, 防备, 准备…时用
a. We are all taking medicine against the dia.
b. They bought some warm clothes against the cold winter.
c. We have to save some money against old age.
④.表示对比关系
a. He was elected by a majority of 20 votes against 10.
⑤.词组或固定搭配: against one’s will违反自己的意愿; go against违反, 不利于
六.along作介词的用法: 表示 “沿着”
a. They traveled along the west coast.
b. There are trees all along the river banks.
七.among作介词的用法:
①.在…中间, 在…当中, 是…中间的一个
a. The great leader prefers to live among the working people.
b. Divide the money among the six of you.
c. The town lies among the mountains.
d. I was among the first to arrive.
e. Shelley is among the world笔记本密码’s greatest poets.
f. Paris is among the largest cities in the world.
②.(和反身代词等连用)相互间, 共同, 一起
a. They quarreled among themlves for half an hour.
b. The three boys discusd the matter among themlves.
c. Among them, they collected over a hundred pounds.
八.at作介词的用法:
①.在(某一地点或场合)
a. Jenkins was not at his office.
b. He had taken a job at a children’s hospital.
c. I live at 403, Brook Street.
d. The had left the luggage at the station.
e. Watson asked him to dinner at a restaurant.
f. Let’s meet at the entrance of the station.
g. The car is waiting at the gate.
h. The girl is at the window, looking out into the garden.
i. I met her at the end of the road.
j. I sat at the back of the room, the important people sat at the front of the room.
k. The post office is at the corner of the street.
l. Did you speak at the meeting ?
m. I met him at an evening party.
②.在(某一个时刻, 时候, 时期等)
a. Dinner was at one o’clock.
b. At the prent moment he is suppod to be in Paris.
c. At noon there was still no news.
d. He worked in the daytime, and at night he went to the night school.
e. At the end of the year there was a great deal to do.
f. Cyril was born in 1874 at Christmas.
g. At that time he was in his middle sixties.
h. At this time of year it didn’t get dark until nine o’clock.
i. The railway was being built at that period.
③.向, 对(表示动作的方向或目标)
a. I wish you’d come and look at my drawing.
b. Old Mr. Smith stared at his youngest son.
c. He shot at the bear but misd.
d. Then three policemen rushed at him.
④.为, 对于(表示引起某种情绪的原因)
a. He looked surprid at eing us.
b. He was very angry at losing the game.
c. Sophia was very delighted at the chance.
d. He felt glad at what the teacher had said.
e. They were overjoyed at his return to work.
f. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at his death.
⑤.在…的情况下(表示一个动作的起因)
a. He was writing the story at the request of his teacher.
b. All theatres were clod at the command of the government.
⑥.表示在某状态下或在进行某动作
a. The country was at war for 6 years in the 1920s.
b. They were at their meal when the phone rang.
c. He was at his work until late into night.
⑦.在某方面
a. She is quite clever at drawing.
b. He is an expert at repairing.
⑧.表示价格, 数量, 速度等
a. I had a small room, at a cost of fifteen cents per night.
b. He lls the cloth at a dollar a meter.
c. The car is running at its top speed.
d. They are working at top speed to develop a new printing machine.
⑨.词组或固定搭配: at a time孟姜女调一次; not…at all一点也不; at all costs不惜一切代价; at any rate不管怎样; at first sight乍一看, 一见面; at heart在内心里; at last最后, 终于; at least至少; at most至多; at once马上, 立刻; at prent目前, 现在; at the same time同时; at the top of one’s voice询价邀请函高声地; at times有时候, 间或; at work在工作, 起作用; at worst在最坏情况下
九.before作介词的用法:
①.在…前面
a. He sat before the fire to warm herlf.
b. I will not have you talking that way before the children.
②.在…以前
a. It began to rain just before midnight.
b. He had come to Europe before the outbreak of the war.
c. He waited a little while before making up his mind.
d. Before entering, Holmes made an examination of the door.
③.词组或固定搭配: before long不久, 一会儿之后; before ( one’s ) time提前, 早到
十.behind作介词的用法:
①.在…后面, 到…后面
a. There is a garden behind the hou.
b. The dog was running behind its master’s bicycle.
c. We could feel the threat behind all they said.
d. He was behind the others in ability.
②.比…晚
a. New York is twelve hours behind Peking in time.
b. He arrived at the office ten minutes behind me.
③.词组和固定搭配: behind the times过时, 跟不上时代; behind time晚了, 晚点
十一.below作介词的用法: 表示 “在…以下, 在…下面”
a. The temperature is below freezing.
b. Miners work below the surface of the earth.
十二.beside作介词的用法:
①.在…旁边
a. He was sitting beside her.
b. The hou is beside the river.
②.和…比较起来
a. His work ems poor beside yours.
b. Beside last year’s results, the number for this year have fallen.
十三.besides作介词的用法: 表示 “除了”
a. I think there are nine pounds left, besides come pennies.
b. Twelve students pasd the exam besides Jim.
十四.beyond作介词的用法:
①.在…之外, 在…的那一边(更远处)
a. The hou is beyond the bridge.
b. The sun ts beyond the distant hills.
②.超出(能力, 范围等)
a. The noisy child is beyond her control.
b. The stars in the sky are beyond number.
c. To do this was quite beyond my ability.
d. He was beyond the help of the doctor.
e. This is much too expensive beyond my income.
f. The car was damaged beyond the hope of repair.
g. That is going beyond joke.
③.超过
a. I shall not stay beyond half an hour.
b. There weren’t beyond twenty people prent.
④.到…以后, 比…晚
a. Don’t stay there beyond midnight.
b. He never es beyond the prent.
十五.but作介词的用法:
①.表示 “除去, 除开”, 多和nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, who, all等连用, 可以接名词, 代词, 介词短语, 形容词, 不定式等
a. I never saw him reading anything but newspaper.
b. Nobody el but Robert could ever say such a thing.
c. Everyone has knows it but you.
d. Put it anywhere but on the floor.
e. You can find that sort of thing nowhere but in England.
f. She looks anything but well.
g. She was anything but plead when he heard this.
h. We had no choice but to wait.
i. He wanted nothing but to stay there with her.
j. I did nothing but ( to ) write a letter this evening.
②.词组和固定搭配: but for…要不是…(句子谓语多用虚拟语气)
a. But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.
b. But for his help, I would not have finished the work in time.
c. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
十六.by作介词的用法:
①.在…旁边, 从…旁边(经过)
a. I sat down just by the corner.
b. I put the va back on the table by the window.
c. He walked by the others without looking at them.
②.通过, 经由, 取道
a. He ro quickly and went out by another door.
b. I shall return possibly by Dublin.
③.在(某时)前, 到…时为止
a. By last Friday we had stayed here for more than ten days.
b. By that time she’d have thought out a plan.
c. By next Friday I will have finished the work.
d. By then he was more than fifty years of age.
e. I will be back by three.
④.表示动作的执行者
a. Are all the good made by machine ?
b. He was punished by the teacher for being late.
c. Have you read that novel by Shirley ?
⑤.表示手段或方式, 可译为 “通过…, 用…, 以…, 按照…”
a. Judged by what he is wearing, he is very rich.
b. Judging by the smell, the food must be very good.
c. It is nine o’clock by my watch.
d. By helping them we are helping to save ourlves.
e. He taught himlf to play the violin by practising all night
f. Shall I nd it by post ?
⑥.表示工具
a. I came here by bus.
b. I returned to town by train.
c. She called him up by telephone to thank him.
d. This kind of shoes are made by hand.
⑦.和ize, take, hold等动词连用, 说明接触身体的哪一部分
a. She ized the child by the collar.
b. He took the child by the hand.
c. He came forward and shook me by the hand.
d. The man grabbed him by the arm.
⑧.(指数量)按…计算
a. The cigarettes are sold by weight.
b. Sugar is sold by the pound, and petrol by the gallon.
c. The workers are paid by the week.
d. He buys them by the dozen.
e. I rent the hou by the year.
⑨.表示数量增减或差别的程度
a. We lost the match by one goal.
b. He is older by five years than John.
c. The water level has rin by 2 meters as a result of the heavy rain.
⑩.表示尺寸, 距离等, 相当于 “乘以”
a. I want a piece of paper 3 inches by 5 inches.
b. This room is forty feet by twenty.
⑩.词组和固定搭配: by accident偶然地; by chance偶然地, 碰巧; by means of借助于, 靠; by mistake出于误会, 弄错了; by onelf单独地, 独立地; by the way顺便说; by turns轮流; learn by heart记熟; one by one一个接一个地; little by little一点点地; side by side并肩地, 并排地;
十七.down作介词的用法:
①.沿着…向下
a. Together we walked down the stairs.
b. The boats sail up and down the river.
②.沿着…
a. I was walking down the street when he called me from behind.
b. They walked down the path for half an hour before they got to the lake.
十八.during作介词的用法: 表示 “在一段时间内, 在某时期内”
a. He swims every day during the summer.
b. I have ldom en her during this year.
c. Only two trains left during the morning.
d. Not a word did they say during the meal.
e. He kept silent all the time during the discussion.
十九.except作介词的用法: 表示 “除去, 除了”, 可以接名词, 代词, 介词短语, 不定式, 从句
a. Everybody is against the plan except you.
b. We go there every day except Sunday.
c. He ldom went anywhere except to his office.
d. I looked everywhere except in the bedroom.
e I can take my holidays at any time except in August.
f. It had no effect except to make him angry.
g. He will do anything except ( to ) lend you money.
大专专业h. This suit fits me well except that the trours are too long.
i. He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.
j. He never came to e me except when he was in trouble.
二十.for作介词的用法共青团歌:
①.为了
a. He would do anything for her.
b. He great writer wrote for his own people.
c. Robert is there to get material for a new book.
d. He had an operation for a heart dia.
e. The money is for buying food for the party.
f. They went for a holiday by the Black Sea.
g. He asked his father for a computer on his birthday.
②.因为, 由于
a. France is famous for its wines.
b. I am ashamed of mylf for not having written a letter to you.
c. I am so sorry for what I said to you the other day.
d. When he saw the exam results he wept for joy.
③.对于
a. You are too old for the kind of work you are doing.
b. He had much respect for Mr. Smith.
④.供…用的, 给…的
a. Do you have a at for me ?
b. There is no more room for such a bag at the back of the car.
c. Here is your letter for you.
⑤.就…来说, 作为…来说
a. It is quite warm tonight for February.
b. The weather was very cold for the time of the year.
c. For so young a man he has experienced so much.
⑥.表示买卖或交换关系
a. Nobody is willing to work for nothing.
b. I sold the hou for 100 dollars.
c. I paid more than 600,000 yuan for the hou.
d. Can you give me change for a pound ?
⑦.作为(意思接近as)
a. Most of the rooms of this building are ud for offices.
b. Do you take me for a fool ?
看见造句一年级c. I had meat for supper.
⑧.前往(某目的地)
a. I will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
b. He is to start for San Fancisco in couple of days.
⑨.表示时间长度或距离
a. For five years Smith had lived alone at Danvers Street.
b. For miles and mile you e nothing but trees.
c. Her temperature has been normal for the last five weeks.
⑩.赞成, 主张, 支持
a. Most people in the town are for the plan of the government.
①.(表示比例关系)每…
a. For every sunny day there are four sunny ones.
b. For fourteen students who pasd the exam there was only one who didn’t.
②.引导不定式动词的逻辑主语
a. It would be best for you to write to him soon.
b. For such an old man to run fast is dangerous.
c. The best thing will be for me to go home and ttle everything now.
d. What I want is for you to talk with me for a while.
e. I’ve got some good books for your to read.
f. There was nowhere el for me to go.
g. He opened the door and stood beside for her to pass.
③.词组或固定搭配: for certain / sure肯定地, 确切地, 有把握地; for fear of唯恐, 担心; for onelf为自己, 替自己; for sale供出售; for short简称; for the purpo of为…的目的; for the moment一时间, 暂时; for the prent就现在来说, 暂时; for the time being暂时; take…for…认为…是…; 把…当作…
二十一.from作介词的用法:
①.从…, 由…, 来自…, 从…来
a. The sound came from the kitchen.
b. I heard them calling me from below.
c. I saw you that day from across the street.
d. He took a knife from under the pillow.
e. A car came along from behind me.
f. Lunch is from eleven to two.
g. Three weeks from today is our holiday.
h. He received a great deal of prai from his classmates.
i. This has taken a load from my mind.
j. Light comes from the sun.
k. Someone from the police station wants to e you.
②.离…(有多远)
a. The town is sixty miles from London
b. It is only a few steps from here to the post office.
③.由于, 因…
a. We are all weak from hunger now.
b. I have got dark rings under my eyes from lack of sleep.
④.(阻止)使不做某事, (保护)使不受…(之害)
a. Stop the boy from destroying the flowers.
b. There was nothing to prevent her from going back to London.
c. He saved the boy from the fire.
d. The shed will protect us from the rain.
e. Insurances protect us from great loss.
18年是什么生肖
⑤.和…(不同), 和…(有区别)
a. He is quite different from his brother in character.
b. Can you tell one twin from the other ?
⑥.从…(判断), 根据…
a. From his appearance, you wouldn’t think he was old.
b. From what John told me, they’re very rich.
⑦.词组和固定搭配: from bad to wor越来越糟, 每况愈下; from beginning to end从头至尾; from head to foot从头到脚, 全身; from morning till night从早到晚; from now on从现在起; from then on从那时起; from the bottom of one’s heart打心眼里, 衷心地; from time to time不时地; from top to bottom整个地, 彻底地
