同位语从句 一、 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如： I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。 I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。 二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promi，question，doubt，电脑进不了系统怎么办thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如： I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to e you this afternoon．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）如： l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。如： Several years later，word came that Napoleon himlf was coming to inspect them． 几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。 The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city． 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。 五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如： The news that l hove pasd the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 （同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。） The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。） 2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如： The idea that computers can recognize human voices surpris many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。） The idea that he gave surpris many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（that在从句中作gave的宾语。） 一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 定语从句和同位语从句怎样区分？ 一、 定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。例如： 1． We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。 2． We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。 例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。 二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。例如： 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。 2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。 例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。 三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如： 1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。 2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。 例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。 3. The reason why he was chon remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。 4. The idea why he was chon attracted our attention. 他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。 例3中why引导的是定语从句，why可以被 for which或 that 代替；例4中 why引导的是同位语从句，why 不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。 四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。例如： The news that he won the first place is true. 他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。 上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是： The news is that he won the first place. 消息是他赢得了冠军。 意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句。 五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。例如： 1. The possibilities that she was offered emed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。 2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to go to school. 她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。 例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式；例2中的possibility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。 六、由when, why, where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。例如： 1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。 2. I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 3. This is the hou where I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住的房子。 4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn't decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。 例1、3中的when和 where引导的是定语从句，day 和hou分别表示时间和地点；例2、4中的when和 where引导的是同位语从句。 巩固性练习： 1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprid us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when 4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C./ D. it 5.I have no idea ____ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 8.The order ____ the prisoner be t free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9.The nurs are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the dia. A. that B. as C. of which D. which 10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 定语从句和同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别练习题 Fill in the blanks with a proper word: 1. Mary is no longer the girl __ she ud to be. 2. Mary is no longer ____ she ud to be. 3. Kunming is no longer the city ___ it was ten years ago. 4. Kunming is no longer ___ it was ten years ago. 5. All ___ is needed is a supply of oil. 6. ___ is needed is a supply of oil. 7. Everything ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody prent. 8. ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody prent. 9. Last night I dreamed a dream ___ I pasd the entrance examination. 10. The dream ___ I dreamed last night was very funny. 11. Was it during the Second World ___ he died? 12. It was the hour ___ the place was full of job-hunters. 13. It was at the theater ___ Lincoln was murdered. 14. It was the theater ___ Lincoln was murdered. 15. She heard a terrible noi, ___ brought her heart into her mouth. 16. She heard a terrible noi. ___ brought her heart into her mouth. 17. Is this the muum ___ I visited last week? 18. Is this muum ___ I visited last week? 19. I’m one of the boys who ___ never late for school. 20. I’m the one of the boys who ___ never late for school. 21. Last night I took a taxi, and ___ took me home. 22. Last night I took a taxi, ___ took me home. 23. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___ didn’t help. 24. It was raining hard, ___ kept us from playing football. 25. I often thought of my childhood, ___ I lived on a farm. 26. I often thought of my childhood, ___ I spent on a farm. 27. This is the place ___ Chairman Mao was born. 28. This is the place ___ we are going to visit. 29. Tom’s father works at the factory ___ makes shoes. 30. August is the month ___ comes after July, before September. 31. Make a mark ___ you have any questions. 32. Make a mark at the place ___ you have any questions. 33. We shall go ___ working conditions are difficult. 34. We shall go to the place ___ working conditions are difficult. Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA 答案 that, what , that , what , that , What , that , What , that, that , that , when, that, where, which , it , that , the one, are , is , 解分it, which, it, which, when, which, where, that, that, that. Where, where , where , where. 宾语从句使用时“四注意” 一、引导词的使用 1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用 that 来引导从句， that 常无具体意义，一般可省略。例如： Lin Tao thought （ that ） the TV play was very boring. 2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用 if 或 whether 来引导从句。例如： David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. 3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词（如 who ， who ， what ， which ）或连接副词（如 when ， where ， why ， how ），引导宾语从句。例如： Do you know what we can do on the island ？ I don ’ t know why Jane was late for school this morning. 二、语序的陈述化 宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如： When did he leave ？ I want to know. → I want to know when he left. Does the shop clo at six every day ？ Do you know ？ → Do you know if/ whether the shop clos at six every day ？ 三、时态的呼应 1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如：休假条 I hear she is here today （ she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow. ） 2. 如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如： 北宋四大家He said he was watching TV （ he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school ）。 3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等，从句不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 四、否定转移 当主句的谓语动词为 think ， believe ， suppo 等动词，且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如： I don’t believe he is here on time ， is he ？ I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class ， is he ？ | |
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