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六级词汇 托福TPO24综合写作阅读原文文本：
什么天动地 Animal fossils usually provide very little opportunity to study the actual animal tissues, becau in fossils the animals' living tissues have been largely replaced by minerals. Thus, scientists were very excited recently when it appeared that a 70-million-year-old fossil of Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex), a dinosaur, might still contain remains of the actual tissues of the animal. The discovery was made when rearchers deliberately broke open the T. rex’s leg bone, thereby exposing its insides to reveal materials that em to be remains of blood vesls, red blood cells, and collagen matrix. First, the breaking of the fossilized leg bone revealed many small branching channels inside, which probably correspond to hollows in the bones where blood vesls were once located. The exciting finding was the prence of a soft, flexible organic substance inside the channels. This soft substance may very well reprent the remains of the actual blood vesls of T. rex. Second, microscopic examination of the various parts of the inner bone revealed the prence of spheres that could be the remains of red blood cells. Tests showed that the spheres contained iron-a material vital to the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen to tissues. Moreover, the spheres had dark red centers (substances with iron te
nd to be reddish in color) and were also about the size of red blood cells. Third, scientists performed a test on the dinosaur leg bone that showed that it contained collagen. Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-called collagen matrix. Collagen (or its chemical derivatives) is exactly the kind of biochemical material that one would expect to find in association with bone tissue.
托福TPO24综合写作听力原文文本：
As much as we would like to have the remains of actual dinosaur tissue, there are sound reasons for being skeptical of the identifications made in the reading.First, the soft, flexible substance inside the bone channels isn't necessarily the remains of blood vesls. It is much more likely to be something el. Like what? You might say. Well, long after an organism is died, bacteria sometimes colonize hollows, empty areas in bones, like the channels that once held blood vesls. When bacteria lived inside bones, they often leave behind traces of organic material. What the rearchers in the reading are identifying as blood vesls might just be traces of soft and moist residue left by bacteria colonies.All right. What about the iron-filled spheres? Well, the problem is that scientists found identical reddish spheres in fossils of other animals found in the same place. That includes fossils of primitive animals that did not have any red blood cells when they were alive. Clearly, if thes
狼吞虎咽的反义词e spheres appear in organisms that did not have any red blood cells, then the spheres cannot be the remains of red blood cells. The spheres probably
have a very different origin. They are probably just pieces of reddish mineral.Third, the collagen. The problem is that we have never found collagen in animal remains that are older than one hundred thousand years. Collagen probably cannot last longer than that. Finding collagen from an animal that lived venty million years ago would really contradict our ideas about how long collagen can last. It is just too improbable. The most likely explanation for the prence of collagen is that it doesn't come from the T. rex, but from another much more recent source. For example, human skin contains collagen, so the collagen may have come from the skin of the rearchers who are handling the bone.
托福TPO24综合写作满分范文：白领夫妻
锻炼臂力
布洛芬过敏的症状 The reading passage points out three evidences that indicate the existence of actually tissue in dinosaur fossil. However, the professor doubts the accuracy of the evidences. In fact, he offers some alternative explanations for the substances found in the fossil. First and foremost, he challenges the existence of blood vesls. Instead, he points out that bacteria may occupy the hollo
ws inside the bones. Therefore, it is highly possible that the soft substance in the branching channels of the bone is the moist residue of bacteria, rather than blood vesls of the dinosaur. Moreover, the professor casts doubt about the red substance in sphere, which according to the reading passage is the remain of red blood cells. In fact, the professor claims that this red substance was also found in some other animals, which lived in the same place but had no red blood vesls at all. The professor argues that the sphere can be pieces of red minerals. Additionally, the professor doubts the existence of collagen in the fossil. On the contrary to the reading passage, he points out that the earliest collagen that has ever found is in fossils 100000 ago. It is unlikely for collagen to last for more than 70 million years. As a result, the professor suggests that the collagen may come from recent sources, such as the skin of rearchers who handed the fossil.
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