阅读专项训练——词义猜测
(一)
（2005广东）Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high prai. Leadership means power, commands , respect and most important , encourages achievement . Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down . They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief , most good leaders are made, not born . They learn their skills in their everyday life . But which do they develop ? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
The underlined word “cultivated”(paragraph 1) roughly means _____.
A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
答案：D
技巧点拨：根据上下文语境进行猜测
上文的语境：领导艺术不像吞一维生素C那样简单。
下文的语境：大部分的优秀的领导者都不是天生的，而是培养出来的，他们的领导艺术是在日常生活中学到的。
（二）
（2004湖北）Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs? The answer is “yes”, according to the rearchers at Johns Hopkins邓石如隶书 and three other medical centers . After a study of 800 persons with high blood pressure , they found that after 6 months ,tho devoted to weight loss ---exerci and eating a low-fat food ---lost about 13 pounds and became fitter. Plus , 35% of them dropped into the “normal” category(范畴).This week , Dr. Alan Duckworth will tell you how the people reduce their blood pressure to a level similar to what’s achieved with Hypertension drugs .
我们共同的家
In Science / Health , “Johns Hopkins” is ______.
A. a famous university B. a medical center C. a well-known doctor D. a drug company
答案：酒鬼花生的做法B
（三）
（2005全国）The President has started using look-alikes during some public appearances . Dave is offered a chance to “ rve his country” by becoming one.
The underlined word “one” in the third paragraph refers to_______.
A. the President B. the director C. an actor D. a look-alike
答案：D
技巧点拨：根据指代关系进行猜测。
英语中代词one , it , that , he , him , 或them 等可以指上文提到的人或物。根据前文总统开始在公共场合使用替身（look-alikes）后来Dave有机会成为了其中的一员。
(四)
（2004广东）As a woman , I feel unsafe here . I spend a bomb on taxis becau I will not take public transport after I ud to u it , but now I’m afraid .
The underlined part “ it ” (in Para. 4) refers to _____.
A. a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport
答案：D
强词夺理的近义词(五加油励志的句子)
（2004上海）Without examination , employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them ____a form of favouritism will replace equality.
The word “favouritism” is ud to describe the phenomenon that _______.
A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs
B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good job
C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets
D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success
答案：B
技巧点拨：根据同位关系进行猜测
破折号后的句子是对前面进行解释说明的，二者是同位关系，因此，要猜测favouritism的意思，可从前面句子的意思入手。
(六)结婚礼物送什么好
（2003北京）Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of th
em.
Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year . One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They ud to work in central London . He was a newspaper reporter and she ud to work for an international bank . They would go to work by train every day from their large hou in the suburbs (郊区), leaving their two children with a nanny(保姆). Most evening Daniel wouldn’t get home until eight or nine o’clock, and nearly twice a month he would have to fly to New York for meetings .They both earned a large amount of money but began to feel that life was passing them by .
The underlined word “downshifting”in the cond paragraph means______.
A. repairing your car by yourlf
B. spending money carefully
C. moving out to the countryside to live a simpler and better life
D. living in a big hou in the suburbs and dining out once a week
答案：C
技巧点拨：根据列举的事例进行猜测
根据短文所列举的Dneiel 和Liz 的事例可判断出downshifting的意思是“把家搬到农村去，过一种简单而更好的生活”。
(中班健康七)
（全国）A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerrio, an Evaston mother of two , ages 4 and 18 months. 扩频
What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought
C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests
答案：C
技巧点拨：根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。
根据上下句的连接词，如but , however , otherwi 等就可以看到前后句的意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。hassle 和a basket of fun 是近乎相反的意义。
(八)
（05广东）Scientists are working to u that energy to make electricity . Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean .“The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing , tho ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves .” Taylor said. “ Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then nding it off on a journey.”
The underlined phra “picking up”(paragraph2) is clost in meaning to _____.
A. starting again B. speeding to C. gathering D. improving
答案：C
技巧点拨：根据构词法进行猜测。
(九)
（北京）The manager and everyone el who were a step above the box boys often shouted orders .One of the was: you couldn’t accept tips(小费). Okay , I’m outside and I put the bags in the car . For a lot of people , the natural reaction(反应)is to take a quarter and give it to me . I’d say , “I’m sorry , I can’t .”They’d get angry . When you give someone a tip , you’re sort of being polite. You take a quarter and you put it in their hand you expect them to say , “Oh, thanks a lot .” When you say ,”I’m sorry, I can’t .”They feel a little put down.
