NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT STANDARDS This is the 27th edition of the Danish nutrient standards.
INSTITUTION: SEGES PIG RESEARCH CENTRE
AUTHORS: PER TYBIRK, NIELS MORTEN SLOTH, NIELS KJELDSEN AND LISBETH SHOOTER UPDATED: APRIL 2018
The Danish feed evaluation system
The Danish feed evaluation system, revid in 2002, is bad on the physiological energy value of nutrients and on the standardid digestibility of the nutrients. In 2002, the old feed unit was replaced by two new feed units: FUgp (feed units for weaners, growers and finishers) and FUsow (feed units for sows).
In practice, energy evaluation in Denmark is bad on:
1. Chemical analys of water, ash, crude protein and crude fat
2. In vitro digestibilities at ileal level and faecal level
3. Energy values of nutrients bad on "potential physiological values".
The protein evaluation system is bad on the standardid ileal digestibility of each amino acid.
Amino acids
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The standards for amino acids are shown in Tables 1-4. Note that a safety margin is not included. The standards for weaners, growers and finishers are bad on ad libitum feeding or on approximate ad libitum feeding. Standards for lactating sows are adapted to prolific sows with a minimum feed intake of 7 FUsow in peak lactation (d 12-28). Standards for gilts are bad on restricted feeding and 盐水皮皮虾
the goal is that gilts be inminated in their cond heat when they are approx. 8 months old and weigh approx. 135-150 kg. Boars’ amino acid requirement for sperm production is covered if they are fed according to the standards for gestating sows.
The standards are bad on an economically optimum standard, as a standard for maximum productivity would increa feed costs more than can be covered by productivity improvements. For gilts, the standards are bad on a desire to reach a maximum daily gain of approx. 725 g to achieve the above goal.
Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the minimum crude protein content in pig feed. A minimum content rves as a guarantee against inaccuracies in feed formulation. Table 1 furthermore provides the limit for maximum digestible protein in weaner feed to ensure that only the amount protein necessary is ud as high protein levels may increa the risk of diarrhoea outbreaks.
Table 1. Amino acid standards for weaners, g digestible per feed unit (FUgp).
* It must be ensured that the composition of ideal protein is met if lysine levels / weight intervals differ from tho in the table.
llive** The amino acid standards prent the level that, under normal price conditions, guarantees maximum gross margin in herds with normal, healthy pigs. Rearch demonstrates that maximum productivity is obtained by increasing the lysine standard by approx. 7-10% (corresponding to 11.8 (6-科学日记
9 kg) and 11.6 (9-30 kg) g standardid digestible lysine, respectively, per feed unit including the above profile for all esntial amino acids). This is expected to improve FCR and daily gain by 1-2%.
Rearch also demonstrates that maximum productivity is obtained when the tryptophan standard is incread from the current approx. 21% to 22% of the lysine standard corresponding to approx. 0.21 g digestible tryptophan more than stated in the table.
Table 2.Amino acid standards for growers and finishers, g digestible per feed unit (FUgp).青椒炒腊肠
*The standards in this table apply to FCR per kg gain in the period 30-110 kg above 2.75 FUgp per kg gain. Pig producers with feed conversion ratios between 2.66 and 2.75 FUgp per kg gain in the period 30-110 kg are recommended to rai the standard for all amino acids for all weight intervals by 3.9%. Pig producers with a feed conversion ratio between 2.56-2.65 FUgp per kg gain are recommended to rai the standards by 7.8% for all amino acids. Pig producers with a feed conversion ratio below
2.56 FUgp per kg gain are recommended to rai the standards by 11.7% for all amino acids. Pig producers with specialid production units with focus on a high lean meat %, eg production for the British markets, are recommended to increa the content of digestible lysine by 0.3 g and the content of crude protein by 8 g per FUgp for all diets ud until slaughter, but not for diets for pigs below 65 kg if pha feeding is applied. See table 2a for examples of standards under different FCR and pig price models.
**It is recommended to apply the standards and profile (% of lysine) that match the weight interval in question.
Table 2a. Standards from 30 to 110 kg depending on FCR and production for the British market, g digestible per
*incl. remaining esntial amino acids in table 2 with the profile (% of lysine) matching the weight interval 30-110 kg.
Table 3. Amino acid standards for gilts, g digestible per feed unit.*
* Provided restricted feeding from no later than 65 kg. The amino acid profile is significantly below what is required for maximum gain in order to slow growth and obtain a higher degree of fattening to accommodate longevity. The amino acid profile is bad on a practical evaluation ensuring that diets for gilts can also be ud for other categories of pigs. If you only u gilt diets up to 110 kg, you may instead apply in the amino acid profile (amino acids in per cent of lysine) for finishers in the weight interval 75-110 kg shown in table 2.
Table 4. Amino acid standards for sows, g digestible per feed unit (FUsow).
* Empty sows from weaning to inmination.
Minerals
Mineral standards are prented as pigs' requirements plus a safety margin. Pig producers are generally not recommended to add minerals beyond the standard. This particularly applies to calcium,
as calcium interacts with certain micro minerals, wherefore a high content of calcium may inhibit the absorption of the micro minerals.电脑主机电源线
The standard for digestible phosphorus is a minimum standard and does thus not include a safety margin.
The mineral standards in Tables 5, 6 and 7 are prented as total amount in the feed.
小熊请客Feed for boars follows the mineral standards for finishers up to 110 kg, and from 100 kg it follows the standards for gestating sows.
1)According to the Danish Feedstuff Act, diets must not contain more than 0.5 mg lenium per kg complete diet. Depending on the composition of the diet, this means that it is allowed to add 0.2-0.35 mg lenium per feed unit
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