不定式定义由to动词原形构成精

更新时间:2023-07-10 17:00:08 阅读: 评论:0

1.不定式定义:to +动词原形构成。
不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的 动词,可分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
2.用途:
在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质,本身可以带宾语和状语。
【动词不定式】
1.定义:动词 + 不定式
2.用途:
动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形 式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式的时态、语态
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有 表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动 者我们称之为 逻辑主语,其形式如下:
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to donenot) to be done 完成式 (not) to have made ( n ot) to have been done
进行式 (not) to be doing无被动
完成时(notto have been done 无被动
1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要 用被动语态形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语 是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)
I wish to be nt to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)
There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。如:There ar e still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达 的意思不同,如:The is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
(2)时态
1)现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有 时发生在
谓语动词的动作之后。
He ems to know this.
I hope to e you again. = I hope that I'll e you again. 我希望再见 到你。
2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He ems to have caught a cold.
3)进行时: 表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He ems to be eating something.
4)完成进行时:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在情绪后加to do to do也表将来
疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短 语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如:
When to leave for London has not been decided yet.(不定式在句子中 做主语)
Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.(不定式在句子中 做宾语)
I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.(不定式在句子中做间 接宾语)
The question was where to get the medicine needed.(不定式在句子中 表语)
以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。如:①苹果平板怎么截屏When w e ...how I
could learn…
经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, obrve, understand, wonder 等。
动词不定式的语法功能
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首。如:
普通二轮摩托车To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如:
1It+ be +名词 + to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
2It takes sb+some time+to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
3It+ be +形容词 + for sb + to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an h our.
4It+ be +形容词 + of sb+to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
5It ems(appears) + 形容词 + to do
It emed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,im possible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kin d,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wi等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看 作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is +形容词+ to do句式,如:It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
(3)举例
1)It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
培训简报模板
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not eno ugh
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not u it.
当你不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
2)It's very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们,他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, b rave, considerate(考虑周到的四字词语大全及解释silly, $6用$11(自私的
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。
It emed lfish of him not to give them anything. 失眠的说说他不给他们任何东 西,这显得太自私了。
注意:1)其他系动词如,look, appear等也可用于此句型
2)不定式作为句子成分时,动词用单数形式。
3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句 型
)To e is to believe. 百 闻不如一见。
)It is to believe to e.
二、作宾语
1)以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语
afford (付得起),agree (同意),aim(力求做到appear (显得),arrang e (安排),ask (要求),attempt (试图),care (想要),choo (决定),cl aim (声称),
condescend (屈尊),connt (准许),decide (决定),宋史岳飞传demand 竞走(要求),determine (决心),endeavor (竭力),expect (期待),fail (未履行), help (帮助),hesitate 左慈丸(犹豫),hope (希望),learn (学会),manage (设法), neglect (疏忽),offer (主动提出),plan (计划),prepare (准备),pretend (假 装),proceed (接着做),promi (答应),prove (证明),refu (拒绝),r esolve (解决),em (觉得好像),swear (发誓),tend (往往会),threaten
(预示),undertake (承诺),volunteer (自愿做),vow (发誓),want (想要), wish (希望)pretend

本文发布于:2023-07-10 17:00:08,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/82/1089354.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

标签:动词   动作   表示   谓语   主语
相关文章
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
推荐文章
排行榜
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 专利检索| 网站地图