Moshe Safdie: How to reinvent the apartment building
When, in 1960, still a student, I got a traveling fellowship to study housing in North America. We traveled the country. We saw public housing high-ri buildings in all major cities: New York, Philadelphia. Tho who have no choice lived there. And then we traveled from suburb to suburb, and I came back thinking, we've got to reinvent the apartment building. There has to be another way of doing this. We can't sustain suburbs, so let's design a building which gives the qualities of a hou to each unit.
Habitat would be all about gardens, contact with nature, streets instead of corridors. We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy, and there it is almost 50 years later. It's a very desirable place to live in.It's now a heritage building, but it did not proliferate.
In 1973, I made my first trip to China. It was the Cultural Revolution. We traveled the country, met with architects and planners. This is Beijing then, not a single high ri building in Beijing or Shanghai.Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city. There were hardly any cars. Thirty years later, this is Beijing today.This is HongKong. If you're wealthy, you live the
钢琴名曲
爱的传承re, if you're poor, you live there, but high density it is, and it's not just Asia. São Paulo, you can travel in a helicopter 45 minutes eing tho high-ri buildings consume the 19th-century low-ri environment. And with it, comes congestion, and we lo mobility, and so on and so forth.
So a few years ago, we decided to go back and rethink Habitat. Could we make it more affordable?Could we actually achieve this quality of life in the densities that are prevailing today? And we realized, it's basically about light, it's about sun, it's about nature, it's about fractalization. Can we open up the surface of the building so that it has more contact with the exterior?
思想政治品德考核评语
We came up with a number of models: economy models, cheaper to build and more compact;membranes of housing where people could design their own hou and create their own gardens. And then we decided to take New York as a test ca, and we looked at Lower Manhattan. And we mapped all the building area in Manhattan. On the left is Manhattan today: blue for housing, red for office buildings, retail. On the right, we reconfi
gured it: the office buildings form the ba, and then rising 75 stories above, are apartments. There's a street in the air on the 25th level, a community street. It's permeable. There are gardens and open spaces for the community, almost every unit with its own private garden, and community space all around. And most important, permeable, open. It does not form a wall or an obstruction in the city, and light permeates everywhere.
And in the last two or three years, we've actually been, for the first time, realizing the quality of life of Habitat in real-life projects across Asia. This in Qinhuangdao in China: middle-income housing, where there is a bylaw that every apartment must receive three hours of sunlight. That's measured in the winter solstice. And under construction in Singapore, again middle-income housing, gardens,community streets and parks and so on and so forth. And Colombo.
And I want to touch on one more issue, which is the design of the public realm. A hundred years after we've begun building with tall buildings, we are yet to understand ho
w the tall high-ri building 农民的英语becomes a building block in making a city, in creating the public realm. In Singapore, we had an opportunity: 10 million square feet, extremely high density. Taking the concept of outdoor and indoor,promenades and parks integrated with inten urban life. So they are outdoor spaces and indoor spaces, and you move from one to the other, and there is contact with nature, and most relevantly, at every level of the structure, public gardens and open space: on the roof of the podium, climbing up the towers, and finally on the roof, the sky park, two and a half acres, jogging paths, restaurants, and the world's longest swimming pool. And that's all I can tell you in five minutes.
宫寒吃什么药
Thank you.
1960年，当我还是个学生 我拿到一个旅行奖学金 去研究北美的建筑。 我们去了美国。 我们在所有的大城市 看到了公共高层建筑： 纽约、费城... 那些（大城市的）人只能住在那儿。 我们从一个市郊到另一个市郊， 然后我重新思考 我们需要重新设计公寓建筑。 应该有别的解决方案。 这无法维持郊区的持续发展，我们要设计一种建筑 可以给每一个住户单元 都具有房屋的特性。
居住环境要有花园， 要和自然接触， 有街道而不是死气沉沉的走廊。 我们预制了每个单元来降低成本 这就是了，在距离我访美50年之后。 这是个很理想的住宅。 这个房子现在已经成为文物了, 但没有得到推广.
1973年，我第一次去中国 那时还在文化大革命 我们到处看看 会见建造师和规划师。 这是当时的北京， 在当时的北京或上海 一栋高楼都没有。 深圳还没设立成地级市呢 街上基本看不到汽车。 三十年过去了， 这是北京的现状。 这是香港。 如果你有钱，那你可以住在那里。 如果你不是很富裕，那你只能住在那里， 不过是密度高一点。这不仅仅发生在亚洲。 在圣保罗 在直升机乘上45分钟 你可以看到现代高层建筑 取代了十九世纪留下来的矮房子的。 随之而来的是拥挤， 我们的出行拥堵，等等这类问题普尔塔龙>越南战争
增值率计算公式几年之前，我们决定返回起点 反思什么是居住环境。 我们能不能让它更价格适宜？ 我们能不能在维持现有密度的情况下 满足生活品质的需求？ 然后我们意识到，这主要取决于采光 取决于太阳，取决于环境。 这要求我们把传统建筑变形。 我们能不能开放建筑的几个外立面， 让它跟外部环境有更好的接触呢？
我们提出了几个方案： 经济型的，更便宜而且更紧凑； 膜结构的， 人们可以自行设计他
们的房子 建造属于自己的花园。 我们决定在纽约做个试点， 我们把注意力放在了曼哈顿下城区。 把所有的建筑做成图例 左边是实际情况 蓝色的是住宅，红色的是写字楼，商场 右边是我们重新规划的： 底层是办公建筑 上面是75个商店 再上面是公寓 在第25层有一个空中步行街， 是社区街道。 是透光的。 那里有花园和开放式空间 给社区居民使用。 基本上每个单元都有私家花园 周围有的社区空间。 最重要的是它通光，是开放式的。 没有墙或者别的遮挡， 跟外界相通，所以有充足的采光。
