英语构词法在高考取的应用
本课重点：1. 各种词性的正确使用及转变
2.运用构词法知识猜想语境中词的语义
3.经过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量
考情剖析：
1. We drank together and talked_____ (merry) till far into the
night.( 07高考)
proverb is saying we have to let things go in their(nature)
cour.( 08高考)
Jane knew from past experience that her __(choo) of ties hardly
ever plead her father.( 09高考)
teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked
very much for the sweet water.(10高考)
his student 考点精讲：
Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change.
Don’ t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
英语构词法主要有三种方法：
一． . 合成 (Compounding): 由两个或更多的词合成一个词
eg. hou(房屋)+ wife(老婆)----houwife(家庭主妇)
二.转变 (Conversion): 由一个词类转变为另一个词类 :
eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水
三.派生(Derivation): 经过加前缀或后缀组成此外一个词:
eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的，只改变其。
happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的
一．合成法：
Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,
such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without
paying for them.
xx网址What does the word“shoplifter” mean
A. 商铺里的小偷 C. 商铺里的老客户
B. 商铺里的销售员D.商铺里的搬运工
注意：
请你猜一猜以下划线的词的词义。
them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a
day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of tho
terrible endless years.
二．转变法：
He is a man with broad shoulders .
We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.
Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the
Nobel prizes.(08高考）
触类旁通： feed cau u fly native major mail empty cheat free
三．派生法（重点）：
（一）前缀
果断的反义词1. 否认前缀： il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non-
请为以下单词找出适合的否认前缀。
balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky
polite regular agree u honest advantage stop smoker
fair
2.请找出以下单词的前缀，并议论前缀所含意义
retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducation
珍珠港事件时间subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport 概
括：
稳固练习：
1 It would be easy for someoneto misprent himlf can’ t e him. Thus someone who says that“ she is could really be an old man.
What does the word“misprent” mean
a wrong judgment about
somebody wrongly
a wrong description of
a wrong opinion about
on line becau you a 12-year-old girl.”
2 .The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when
the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
3 . Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted.It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain
( 二）后缀
1.常有的名词后缀
A: 表示人的后缀：
B：其余常有的后缀：
技巧点拨：动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接或动名词，假如所给单词是其余词类 , 就要将其改为，并注意名词数的变化。动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否认形式，必定要依据语境来判断。
(1)His(careful) resulted in the terrible accident
(2)He was one of the(visit)who thought highly of Tom, their guide.
2.常有的形容词后缀
-
al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; – ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less –ly;-ous 表示拥有的性
质 , 或与有关
.practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native,rainy, careless ，careful
3.常有的副词后缀 :
-ly 表示方式 , 程度 : freely ， happily -ward
田爪爱里
(s) 表示方向 : westwards
技巧点拨：动词前后、形容词前后可有，这时，假如所给词为形容词，则需将其变为副词。假如所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀-ly 。此外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语 , 连系动词后接形容词作表语。假如所需词为形容词时 , 还要考虑形容词级的变化。如：(1)The little girl is (extreme ） eager to know the result of the exam.
(2)What ， s the (length)river in the world
(3)The (strength)we become, the more modest we should be.
4. 动词后缀 : -fy ( 使化 ) ; -ize ( 使成为 ) ; – en( 使）写出以下单词的动词形式。
高层大气beauty modern deep richreal quick
技巧点拨：动词是句子的灵魂，在确立语法填空的答案时，要考虑句子中能否有谓语动词，假如谓语动词，需将所给词经过加前缀或后缀变为动词。
两个 en 含有使动用法 : en - （enrich) -en (widen)
易错点
most aircraft fly highly.
2.They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home.
3. ”We really did very well, ” cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice, for I
”found little unhappiness among the children this morning.
加强训练
a word, to save time is _________(long) life. to lengthen
the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _____ (true)
rich. race gave a great deal of ________(plea).(惠一调)
4. It was his ninth year of school and his academic career emed to be
in ruins, so I was full of _____ (angry).(惠二调)
5..and virus, so I ’m very careful not to give out my _________ (person) information.( 惠三调 )
this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _________ (speech).(广一模)
7.Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) I decided to get her a prent. ( 广州二模 )
8.. (fortunate), I then noticed that I had
用字组词just10 minutes to complete the rest. (09 广州二模 )
9.. Some people were now waiting for her rvice and the waitress grew
a bit_________ (patience). （深一模）
10.. “Thirty-five cents, ” she said (rude). （09 深一模）
11.. I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. 12.you have done well and made great achievement in the (entertain) field. ( 惠一模 )
13.The people have made great __________ (contribute) to China with
their work. （茂名二模）
14. ． The storm damaged veral_________ (new) built buildings,( 梅州二模 )
15.．Numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). It can help children become creative( 四校联考 )
16.. they can e plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not
to mention the latest _______ (excite) football match.（东莞一模）
解题心得小结：介词，冠词，全部格后接_____；形容词修饰 _____；副词修饰_________________
___
熟习四会单词的意义、拼写和词性
注意
1.在做语法填空时，必定要擅长依据上下文剖析句子构造，句子成分，平常要多累积有关的单词，熟习其词性，并利用好构词法等技巧。
2.最后，要检查一遍，大小写问题，单复数问题，字母能否缺漏，单词能否要双
写（ . runner ）不停地经过剖析句子来查验自己的答案。
3.平常着重培育：阅读、理解语篇的能力；剖析句子构造的能力；娴熟运用语法的能力。
实战演习
(1)
I hated(1)__________(wait) for
her for hours without(2)______(know) when on earth she would come. On her(3)__________(arrive),she would always hugged me, promising never to be late again. I ud to stare at her in(4)__________(angry),telling her frankly I that her(5) __________ (arrive)late made me angry and that wanted to end our(6)__________ (relate).However, she never emed to be(7)__________ (angrily).She told me that she always thought of me as one of her best(8)__________ (friendly)and if I left Finally her, that would be a vere(9)_________(punish)to her. we reached an(10)_________(agree)that we would still be good
friends, but she mustn ，
t be late again.
(2)
1 Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed at her (pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of the was told the factory had been pouring waste water directly into the river,making the water
2 (suit)to thought it was her duty to
3 (clo)the matter and had it reported in the also thought it was
4 (responsible) 〖JP3〗for the factory to do thought it was
5 (proper)and
6 (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing in public without telling them in advance. it most important to ensure the residents However,Ann regarded near the factory to drink
7 (pollution) told Jack if his factory kept on polluting the river,he was sure to answer for what he had done one day.
(3)
It was a(1)_________(snow)winter Sunday. Jane sat in her (2) _________ (gloom) room, staringat the telephone (3)________ (sad), waiting(4)_______ (eager)for a phonecall her uncle pomid her if he could manage to find her a job. It was almost 11 o ， clock, but the phone still
remained(5)__________(silence).She once told herlf that her uncle could do nothing to help her and she thought she had
没有下巴some(6)__________(predict)power about such kind of things. However, she still felt it(7)__________(bear)when she assumed
her prediction came true, so she couldn
，
锻炼的近义词t help weeping. Just
