合理使用抗生素的基本原则
抗生素是治疗感染性疾 病的主要药 物，在临床 医疗 工作中占有重要地位。 由于抗生素种类较多 ，临床应用也极为广泛 ，其使用 的合理性 与患者的康复及 医院的医疗 质量密切相关 。但近年来 由于应用不合理或滥用抗生素现象 日见突出，几乎成为全球问题 ，我 国有关专家多次 呼呈 ，合理应用抗生素已成为当务之急。为了不断总结临床应用抗生素用药中一些基本规律 ，使抗生素 的使用达到科学合理 ，确保用药的安全性和有效性 ，更好地 发挥抗生素在救死扶伤的重要作用 ，本文就临床上合理应用抗 生素必须掌握的几个基本原则 ，与医药同行进行商讨 。
1正确选择原则 培训主持人开场白
选择抗生素治疗 的前提是必须明确病 因诊断 ，目前用药偏滥、针对性差，主要是病因诊断做得不够造成的。正确估计致病菌 ，熟悉原发病 的临床 特点是合理应用抗生素的基础。对一些严重感染的患者 ，应尽一切努力寻找病原菌，在细菌培养及药敏结果未获得前 ，可根据病史和体格检查、病情变化和感染来 源作出临床诊断 ，并根据 临床经验选用抗生素。致病 菌确定后 ，应 根据药 敏试 验，及 时调整抗 生素。在选择抗生素时 ，应 了解该药 的抗迟子建简介
菌作用、药代谢动力学及副作用，结合患者 的具体情况选用 ，有条件 poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Muum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to u e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increa employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to houholds. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increa the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterpri provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduc
tion, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor
温岭美食的医院，在治疗过程中，可测定血药杀菌浓度及进行血药浓度监测 ，以指导临床合理应用抗 生素。总之 ，只有全 面了解和分析机 体的各种状态 ，从中找出抗生素应 用中的一些基本规律，才能做到正确选药、合理应用 、安全有效的原则。
2严格掌握适应证原则
born抗生素 的应用必须根据临床诊 断，严格 掌握适应证的原则，凡属可用可不 用的尽 量不 用，切忌轻率 和盲 目地应用。对发热病人不能见热 即用抗生素 ，应 区别病 因，是病毒性感染还是细菌性感染。对 已确诊 为病毒感染 者，除重症乙型脑 炎、重症肝炎 、流行 性出血热 、麻疹等与预防继 发感染而适 当用抗生素外 ，其他病毒感染一般不必用抗生素。
3熟悉与恰 当原则
海洋世界手抄报熟悉药理学及体内药物代谢动力学过程 ，是合理用药的基础 ，同时要熟悉原发病的临床特
点 ，注意个体差异及遗传特征差异选择用药。所谓恰当是指选择适当的剂量与给药方法。用药剂量正确与否关系甚大，用量恰 当能治病 ，用量过小达不到治疗目的 ，过大则会危害人体健康。因此 ，在临床使用抗生素 时，应尽早使用 ，剂量要恰 当，避免长期使用。特别是在肝、肾功 能减退 的情况下 ，用药 要更加慎重。给药途径的不同，不仅影响药物 的剂量 和poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Muum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to u e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increa employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidies to houholds. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increa the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, deve
保洁员培训loping industry, Enterpri provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor
速度 ，也影 响药物疗效。总之，给药途径必须根据用药 目的、药物性质 、患者机体的生理和病理状态以及安全和经济等因素 ，全面考虑 ，作出决定 。
4灵活调整原则
所谓灵活就 是指随时调整用药剂量及用药方案 ，也有人称之为浮动化。在 用药过程 中要根据病情 变化，并尽可能结合药物监测来 调整用 法和用量，做到剂 量个 体化和浮动化。同时要严密观察药物进入体内的反应 ，密切注意各种药原性 疾病警告症状的出现 ，以便及早进 行适 当处理。因此 ，在临床 上既要保证药物 的疗效 ，又要 防止药物 中毒 ，除根据药物监测外 ，还要注意观察患者 治疗的反应，并根据病情变化 ，随时地调整用药剂量及治疗方法也是最重要 的治疗原则。
5慎重配伍原则 麦哲伦基金
多种药的同时并用或联合用药 ，是临床较为常用的治疗方法 ，但有时 因配伍不 当，或盲目地联合用药 ，会降低疗效 ，或产生严重的不良反应，甚至导致死亡。在联合或合并用药时，要注意抗生素之 间或抗生素与其它药物之 间的配伍禁忌问题 。如两种 以上抗 生素均需 同时静脉滴注时，不仅要看溶液的澄 明度及 颜色有 无改变 ，尚应考虑药物效价是否会降低 ，更重要的是了解两种药物配伍poverty. In the area of poverty alleviation, to rely on e-commerce business park, active docking Alibaba group "rural treasure", "the stars plan" and "featured the Muum" project to accelerate the implementation of electronic commerce "hundred thousand rural village" project, free train operation staff, offering online support help for poor families, the provision of micro-credit support, helping them to u e-commerce platform to escape poverty. In poverty reduction, give a man a fish and feed him for a day, to targeted skills training and entrepreneurship training free of charge for the poor, increa employment, entrepreneurial skills, ensure the transfer of training people, poverty. In terms of student poverty, high school, vocational college students ' stipends and other costs, can be through the "one card", such as direct subsidi
秋游作文二年级es to houholds. In terms of financial poverty, in order to further increa the size of loans, expands the scope of delivery, developing industry, Enterpri provides protection for the poor. In respect of transport poverty alleviation, to solve the bottleneck in poor villages, development of transport, vigorously promoting the construction of rural roads and ordinary roads. PV poverty reduction, to support conditions of poor villages and photovoltaic system of centralized, poor construction projects, poor
