马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中讲到：“只有在共同体中，个人才能获得全面发展其才能的手段，也就是说，只有在共同体中才可能有个人自由。”相比于国家、氏族等共同体，家庭不仅是一种作为细胞存在的基础共同体，而且也是与人的生活生产联系最密切的共同体，家庭共同体与人的发展有着至关重要的联系。
本论文认为恩格斯的《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》（以下简称《起源》）一书既实现了对唯物史观的完善和发展，也用唯物史观考察了人类家庭、阶级以及国家共同体的起源与发展，是阐述马克思主义的家庭观、阶级观和国家观的重要经典。其中，家庭是该书研究的切入点。
论文第一章主要介绍了恩格斯《起源》一书的写作背景。恩格斯写作《起源》一书，一方面，是借助于当时人类学发展的最新成果，完善和发展唯物史观；另一方面，是为了回击资产阶级理论家利用人类学的最新成果对唯物史观的污蔑。在一定意义上，这也是为了执行马克思的遗言。
花的单词论文第二章是主体部分，主要阐述了《起源》中恩格斯家庭观的主要内容。概括说来，归纳为以下几点：
第一，恩格斯的两种生产理论。在《起源》中，恩格斯提出并阐述了两种生产理论，并在这个基础上阐述家庭的起源与发展。所谓的两种生产，即物质资料生产与人自身的生产，它们在家庭发展的不同阶段起着不同的作用。在家庭发展的早期，人自身的生产起着关键性的作用；当人类不再面临着存在和延续
的威胁时，物质生产就在家庭发展中起到了决定性的作用。这里，显示出恩格斯对唯物史观的运用和发展。
第二，恩格斯论述了两性关系在不同家庭形式中的历史发展。家庭中的两性关系是社会关系的一种，起初是唯一的社会关系，随着人类生产的发展，生产关系逐渐地发展起来，家庭中的两性关系便成为从属关系。两性的对立并不是先天就存在着的，在私有制条件下，家庭中男女两性的对立是阶级对立的反映。恩格斯还探讨了妇女解放的途径，并展望了共产主义社会两性关系发展的趋势。
第三，恩格斯论述了性爱在婚姻家庭中的历史发展及其作用。恩格斯考察了历史上个人性爱发生、发展的状况。他指出在中世纪以前是谈不到现代个人性爱的。现代性爱是历史发展的产物，是社会性的。在共产主义社会，性爱成
2秋天的诗
为婚姻的基础，两性的结合除了相互的爱慕以外，再也没有其他的动机。
论文第三章主要论述了恩格斯家庭观的理论意义。恩格斯的家庭观无论是在马克思主义内部还是外部都产生了巨大的影响。在马克思主义者中尤其是奥古斯丁·倍倍尔和列宁继承并发展了恩格斯的家庭观。此外，恩格斯的家庭观对现代女权主义尤其是马克思主义女权主义也有深远的影响。
第四章试图运用恩格斯的家庭观考察中国当前家庭发展的现状、面临的问题并探讨了对待当代家庭的正确的政策和态度。
关键词：《起源》；家庭；两种生产；两性关系
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Abstract
英语幽默小故事Marx and Engels mentioned in The Germany ideology, “only in the community, can individual obtain the method to achieve full scale development, that is to say, only in the university may have personal freedom.” Compared with the community, such as country and clan, the family is not only the fundamental community as the basis of cell, but also the clost community to people’s life and production. The development of family plays a vital role in the personal development.
This paper states that in The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State(The Origin for short after here) Engels improves and develops Marxist historical materialism, and also ud the historical materialism to inspect the origin of the family, private property and the state. And it is an important classic to elaborate marxist family view, class view and the national view. Among them, the family is the breakthrough point.
The paper’s first chapter mainly introduces the writing background of The Origin. Engels wrote The Origin，on the one hand, was to improve and develop historical materialism by the latest achievements of anthropology ; on the other hand, was to counter-attack the bourgeoisie theoreticians by using the anthropology latest achievement to slander historical materialism. In a certain n, this is to execute Marx’s last words.
The cond chapter is the main body of this paper and mainly elaborates the main content of the family concept in The Origin. In short, it can be summed up as follows:
First, Engels’ two productions theory. In The Origin,Engels put forward and expounded two productions theory, and on this basis, discusd the origin and development of family.The so-called two productions are production of material goods and production of human being itlf; they played different roles in different stages of family development. The family was determined by the humanity’s own
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production in the early time of family development; when human beings were no longer facing with the threat of existence and continuity, the material production played a decisive role in the family. Th
e demonstrate that Engels apply and develop historical materialism.
Second, Engels elaborated the historical development of gender relations in the different family forms. As a kind of social relations, the gender relations is the unique social relations at the very beginning. With the development of human production, production relations developed gradually and the family relations became the subordinate relationship. Engels stated that the opposition of two xes didn’t exist innately and the family gender opposition was the class antagonisms in the private ownership condition. Engels also explored the ways of women’s liberation, and then he prospected development trend of gender relations in the communist society.
调研报告模板Third, Engels elaborated the role and historical development of eros in the family. And Engels inspected occurrence and development of Eros in history. He pointed out that there was no modern personal x until Middle Ages. The modern x is the result of historical development and it is social. In communist society, eros became the basis of marriage. Except from mutual affection, there is no other motivation for the combination of two xes.
The third chapter mainly discours theoretical significance of Engels’ family theory. Engels family theory has had a great influence on both internal and external Marxism.Among the Marxists, Augu
st Bebel and Lenin inherited and developed Engels family theory. Otherwi, Engels’ family theory also has a profound effect on modern feminism, especially Marxism feminism.
The fourth chapter tries to u Engels’s family theory to impact the current situation and the problems in Chine families, and probe the proper policy and attitude to modern Chine family.
安慰人的话
Key words:The Origin；family; two productions; gender relations
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目 录
导 言 (1)
第1章 恩格斯《起源》的写作背景 (3)
1.1《起源》写作的历史背景 (3)
1.2《起源》写作的理论基础 (4)
1.2.1 原始社会研究的新成果的涌现 (4)
1.2.2 马克思《古代社会史笔记》的研究 (6)
第2章 恩格斯《起源》中家庭观的主要观点 (8)
2.1两种生产决定了家庭的发展 (8)
2.1.1 两种生产的概念内涵及其关系 (8)
2.1.2 两种生产对家庭发展的作用 (10)
元宵煮多长时间2.2两性关系的历史发展 (13)
2.2.1 两性的原始状态 (13)
2.2.2 两性平等的时期 (14)
2.2.3 两性对立的时代 (15)
2.2.4 共产主义社会两性关系的展望 (17)
2.3性爱在家庭中的地位和作用 (19)
2.3.1 人类的性爱是社会性的 (19)
2.3.2 性爱形式是历史的产物 (20)
2.3.3 性爱在共产主义社会家庭中的地位 (22)
第3章 恩格斯家庭观的理论影响 (24)
3.1马克思主义者对恩格斯家庭观的继承和发展 (24)
3.1.1 奥古斯丁.倍倍尔对妇女和社会主义的解析 (24)
3.1.2 列宁在社会主义实践中的发展 (25)dnf卡片
3.2女权主义者的继承和批判 (28)办公室泡妞
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