Why do we hurt others?
Zhang Ling Shan
Abstract
Aggression is common in our life, especially in children. I want to lead to the concept of aggression through describing the specific example. Using psychology theory to explain aggressive behavior, and to find out why do we attack others and how should we control the behavior from psychology. Especially the famous Bandura’s social learning theory in the psychological history. Finally, I summarize on my view on psychology theory of aggression and put forward five suggestions on practical ca. I hope this paper can play an inspired role on children's aggressive behavior rearch.
Key words: Aggression Social-Learning-Theory Children
Aggression of Li Lei
Li Lei is a boy, on the fourth grade. When he was a child, his parents often quarrel, especially he had often en his father scolding and beating his mother. Since his kindergarten, Li Lei began to humiliate other students, quarrel or fight with others. The violent behaviors are so frequently that his classmates don’t like him and unwilling get along with him. Of cour, he doesn’t like to participate in any group activities and hide away from his teachers instead of initiating to contact with them. At home, Li Lei is rarely communicate with his parents, even he will angry with his relatives or friends who just touch Li lei’ s head for expressing their friendly.
One time, Xiao Xiao gently pat Li Lei’s back with book and wanted to say hello. However, suddenly，Li Lei became very irritable. Then, he struck Xiao’s head heavily and haven’t stop until Xiao Xiao crying. With strange, e crying, he even laughing. Li Lei really like call nicknames to other students. For instance, Becau of Xiao Mei’s little chubby, Li Lei always call her “a dinosaur” and laugh at her. The result is that Xiao Mei often cry cretly and afraid anyone.
通天峡
鲁冰逊漂流记读后感
When his elementary school, gradually, Li Lei was treated as a “violent child” by his teachers. Whenever he makes a mistake, teachers always punish him standing in office for veral hours. To everyone surpri, he love this punish method.
One day, his parents spotted that he was watching violent TV show. His parents ruthlessly scolded and beaten him for stopping his violent behaviors, even asked him to go to study. But he had become aggravated the bully others, until now, Li Lei's temper is great, easily angered, Roar, difficult to control his own behavior.
What is Aggression?
Social psychologists defined “Aggression” as an intentional behavior to cau physical or mental suffering of others. We put the attack behavior into hostile aggression and instrumental aggression (Berkowits, 1993). Hostile aggression is derived from an inner angry behavior, is designed to be applied to make others suffer or harm others. For example, Li Lei in kindergarten bully Xiao Xiao that is hostile aggression. In instrumental aggression, one person intended to hurt anyone. However harm as a mean, rather than t
he purpo of causing others pain. For example, hitting your opponent to shoot 电动势的公式in the basketball game just named instrumental aggression.
@aggression is inborn or acquired?
For centuries, scientists, political scientists and other thinkers, keep the controversy on the source of human aggressive behavior. In classic "Leviathan" (Leviathan, 1651), the political scientist Thonmas Hobbes claims that human beings is brutal in the state of nature, only the u of law and social norms to curb the innate instinct to attack. Freud also said that people are born with eros and thanato. When eros turned inward, Performance for suicide; when it grows outwards, it will be a kind of hostility, destruction and murder. Freud said: Eros play a role in every living body.郑州二七 It is committed to the destruction of life, and will return life to a primitive state. Freud believed that aggressive energy must be vent out梦见买蛋糕 in some way to avoid falling ill. His point of view is so called "hydraulic theory" – to illustrate about container hydraulic analogy: -- unless the energy is relead, otherwi it will produce some kind of eruption. Although this ems be reasonable, but Freud's theory was never proven by other scientists.
From the mou experiments, Scott find that mice have not innate fighting needs. 有感领导If one creature can arrange its life well, an external stimulation which to make them fighting is unnecessary, they won't show attack (Scott, 1958). In general, most contemporary social psychologists accept the proposition that aggression is a part of the evolution and genetic. But it is the result of interaction within our biological habits, and acquired inhibition as well as social environment.
@x and aggression
If testosterone affects the aggressive behaviors, does this mean that the man is easier to attack others than woman? Right! (Eleanor Maccoby & Carol Jacklin, 1974) proved that it is easier for boys to attack others than girls’. (Deaux & LaFrance, 1998) Like fighting, push, hit and other bad behavior is more easily en in boys. Some studies have shown, girls tend to attack in a sneaky way to - - - - - - by gossip, backbiting and spreading rumors about the attack target. In addition, after analyzing 64 independent experimental found that, more boys is aggressive than girls though in ordinary circumstance. However, if the one was enraged, x differences become very small.
Why do we hurt others?
解散群怎么解散@ Alcohol and Aggression
A large number of studies show that alcohol is the reason of reducing people inhibition on aggressive behavior. (MacDonald, 1996) believe that alcohol-lacked will make us more in cautious than usually.
@Pain and Aggression
Rearch shows that most people would feel very irritable after intense criticism and pain, and they would easy to blame the clost blame target. (Berkowits, 1983) argue that some painful students becau their hands immerd in cold water who are more likely to attack others. The same reason, a long-term inference that other forms of physical discomfort, such as heat, humidity, air pollution or hated odor which likely to reduce the threshold of aggressive behavior (Stoff&Cairns, 1997).
@ Imitation and Aggression
Social learning theory pointed that we study social behavior through obrvation and imitation. Bandura is referred to as "one of the founders of social learning theory psychological school”. He made a very famous and influential experiment in the field of psychology. The experiment explains how children acquire attack behavior. The basic process is that make an adult attack a plastic inflatable doll "Bobo" (after being knocked down and bounce again).The man hit with the hand slap, kicked, hit, and abu. After the children obrvation, we allow children to play with the doll. 战略措施In the experiments, the child who had obrved adult’s aggression will imitate aggressive behavior and treat this doll with abusive ways. In the control condition, children who haven’t obrvation are almost no helpless baby any attack.
