不可思议：8栋拥有动态幕墙的建筑
8 Impossibly Dynamic Façades That Were Actually Built
这些项⽬体现了幕墙设计技术的进步和最前沿发展趋势。
在建筑实践中，⼏乎没有任何建筑领域能够⽐创造“响应式架构”更引⼈注⽬了。（“响应式设计”为建筑学中的概念。此项概念为，物理空间可以根据存在于其中的⼈的情况进⾏响应。最典型的便是可以根据周围⼈群的情况弯曲、伸缩和扩展墙体结构，以及根据环境⾃动调节透光度的玻璃等等）“响应式架构”通常被当做嵌⼊在建筑体系中的计算系统和动⼒学的直接表现者，这种结构已经成为建筑学实践中发展速度最快的领域。⽆论是站在可持续发展的⽴场，或者是纯粹痴迷于对技术的创新，⼈们对于“响应式设计”的关注已经成为当代建筑学研究中不可或缺的部分。
因为很多数字化驱动设计的⽣成和创造潜⼒仍然缺乏实际的反馈，所以了解当前以数字化驱动为载体的先进响应系统很能反映以上问题。不考虑背后的成本问题和潜在的性能问题，以下这些项⽬⾜以证明幕墙设计技术进展和最前沿的发展趋势。
The projects attest to the technological advancement and different cutting-edge trends in façade design.
Hardly any field in architectural practice can match the appeal of creating fully responsive environments. Commonly ud to denote the performative role of computational systems and kinetics embedded in architectural form, responsive architecture has emerged as the most rapidly evolving field of disciplinary practice. Whether coming from a sustainability standpoint or stemming from pure fascination with technological innovation, the interest in responsive design has become a ubiquitous part of the contemporary architectural discour.
With many of the generative and creative potentials of digitally-driven design still lacking practical feedback, it is uful to take a look at the state-of-the-art responsive systems actually getting built. Hidden costs and potential performance issues aside, the projects attest to the technological advancement and different cutting-edge trends in façade design.
巴哈尔塔／Aedas Architects，阿拉伯联合酋长国，阿布扎⽐
Aedas建筑事务所设计的巴哈尔塔（Al Bahr Towers）采⽤了别具⼀格的动态遮阳系统，旨在将建筑的太阳光热量降低50%，同时也为了挑战“响应式设计”的极限。幕墙的外观灵感来⾃传统的伊斯兰格⼦式遮阳系统Mashrabiya，该系统完全由计算机调控，由此来适应不断变化的天⽓条件。
Al Bahr Towers by Aedas Architects, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Clad with a unique dynamic shading system meant to reduce the buildings’ solar gain by 50%, Aedas’ Al Bahr Towers manage to test the limits of responsive design. The façade features elements inspired by the traditional Islamic lattice shading system, Mashrabiya, which is completely computerized to adjust to changing weather conditions.
Images via Mega Fon
MegaFaces／Asif Kahn，俄罗斯，索契
相信⼤家都记得那个为索契冬奥会建造的巨⼤动态幕墙。建筑师Asif Khan通过在建筑的弹性表⾯下放置了11000个执⾏器，创造了⼀个可以在三维空间中变形、并且可以形成游客⾯孔的结构。由于⼤楼内安装了全⽅位摄像3D扫描系统，所以建筑幕墙上的⾯部表情每分钟都在变化。
MegaFaces by Asif Kahn, Sochi, Russia
ps照片转手绘
Everybody remembers the huge kinetic façade built for the Sochi Winter Olympics. Architect Asif Khan created微信生日祝福
Everybody remembers the huge kinetic façade built for the Sochi Winter Olympics. Architect Asif Khan created MegaFaces by placing 11,000 actuators underneath the building’s stretchy skin, creati
ng a structure that can transform in three dimensions and form the faces of visitors. Changing facial expressions alternate every minute, thanks to a multi-camera 3D scanning system installed within the building.
Photos by Paul Ott Paul Ott
Kiefer技术展⽰厅／Ernst Gilbrecht + Partner，奥地利
广东十大瓷砖
Ernst Gilbrecht + Partner事务所设计的Kiefer Technic Showroom是办公和展览空间，其幕墙改善了建筑的内部⽓候。图中信封式的结构由⼏层材料制成，其中包括铝柱、横梁和由⽩⾊⽯膏包裹着EIFS⽴⾯（全称：exterior insulation and finish system外部绝缘和完成系统，这⾥指外墙外保温系统）。铝板穿孔由电⼦操控，由此将建筑外观从⼀个坚固的整体转变为透明和封闭表⾯并存的有趣结合。
Kiefer Technic Showroom by Ernst Gilbrecht + Partner, Steiermark, Austria
Ernst Gilbrecht + Partner designed the Kiefer Technic Showroom as an office building and exhibition space with a façade that optimizes the building’s internal climate. The envelope is made from veral layers — aluminum posts and transoms encad with an EIFS-façade in white plaster. Perforated aluminum panels are electronically operated and transform the building appearance from a solid monolithic volume to a playful combination of transparent and clod surfaces.
Photos by Enric Ruiz-Geli
脏的英语
Media-ICT／Cloud 9，西班⽛，巴塞罗纳
⼜⼀个极具辨识度的项⽬，Media-ICT拓展了幕墙设计的界限。Cloud 9事务所的建筑师设计了⼀种由充⽓ETFE（指ethylene-tetra-fluoro-ethylene，中⽂全称为：⼄烯-四氟⼄烯共聚物，ETFE 是最强韧的氟塑料，它在保持了PTFE 良好的耐热、耐化学性能和电绝缘性能的同时，耐辐射和机械性能有很⼤程度的改善，拉伸强度可达到50MPa，接近聚四氟⼄烯的2倍。2008年北京奥运会国家体育馆及国家游泳中⼼等场馆中将采⽤这种膜材料。）软垫组成的建筑幕墙，它可以做到在冬天打开、在夏天关闭。不断变化的不透明度保护了室内空间，并通过温度、湿度和压⼒传感器进⾏调整，优化建筑的能源使⽤。
Media-ICT by Cloud 9, Barcelona, Spain
Another recognizable project, Media-ICT pushes the boundaries of façade design. Architects at Cloud 9 designed a
façade made of inflatable ETFE cushions that open in winter and clo in hot summer weather. The changing opacity protects the interior and, thanks to temperature, humidity and pressure nsors, adjusts to optimize the building’s energy u.
Photo via UAP Studio
布⾥斯班机场国内航站楼停车场／Ned Kahn and Urban Art Projects，澳⼤利亚，布⾥斯班
艺术家Ned Kahn和UAP⼯作室合作，为布⾥斯班机场的⼀个短期停车场设计了⼀个可活动的、风⼒驱动的幕墙。超过250000块铝板安装在幕墙⽴⾯上，为停车内部空间提供了动态的遮阳系统。53000平⽅英尺（约4923平⽅⽶）的⽔⾯随着风向，形成了不断变化的纹路，就像被扰动的⽔⾯上的层层涟漪。
Brisbane Domestic Terminal Car Park by Ned Kahn and Urban Art Projects,Brisbane, Australia
元宵节手抄报大全Artist Ned Kahn teamed up with Urban Art Projects (UAP) and designed a kinetic, wind-powered façade for a short-term car park at the Brisbane Airport. No less than 250,000 aluminium plates were installed over a substructure,
term car park at the Brisbane Airport. No less than 250,000 aluminium plates were installed over a substructure, providing a kinetic shading system for the interior. The 53,000-square-foot surface moves with passing wind and creates ever-changing patterns that remble the rippling of a disturbed water surface.
Photo via FG+SG Architects
Travessa Do Patrocinio住宅，葡萄⽛，⾥斯本
在以⾼科技为载体的建筑中，⾥斯本Travessa Do Patrocinio住宅是⼀座被认为⼏乎不可能实现的设计，它向所有绿⾊栖息地的爱好者展⽰了其可能性。FG+SG建筑事务所⽤来⾃伊⽐利亚和地中海的25个品种、共计4500棵植物装饰了四层楼的外墙，将这栋楼转变成⼀个随季节变换的会呼吸的有机体。失去亲人怎么安慰
Hou in Travessa Do Patrocinio by , Lisbon, Portugal
An unlikely example among the lection of high-tech solutions, Hou in Travessa Do Patrocinio in Lisbon shows all green habitat aficionados how it’s done. FG+SG Architects adorned the four-story-high façade with 4,500 plants from 25 different Iberian and Mediterranean varieties, transforming it into a living, breathing organism that changes with the asons.
Photos by Christian Richters, Kim Yong
galleria centercity百货商场／UN Studio，韩国，天安
UN⼯作室的幕墙设计遵循了该公司对光学错觉、视差和失真的设计要求。幕墙采⽤两层定制的铝挤压
型材，置于⼀层复合铝包层的顶部。外表⾯的波浪状效果通过两层不同的剖⾯形状来实现。龟纹效果则是伴随着投影和创建不同分辨率和细节的分区⽽形成。
中华魂Galleria Centercity by UN Studio, Cheonan, Korea
UN Studio’s façade design follows the thread of the firm’s investigation into optical illusions, parallax views, and anamorphosis. The façade features two layers of customized aluminum extrusion profiles positioned on top of a layer of composite aluminium cladding. The wave-like effect of the envelope is achieved thanks to the different profile shapes of the two layers. The Moiré effect is accompanied with light back projections and creates zones of different resolution and detail.
One Ocean ／SOMA Architects，韩国，丽⽔
SOMA建筑事务所的展馆为2012年世博会⽽设计，它看起来像⼀个搁浅的利维坦海怪仿⽣结构（leviathan，利维坦是圣经中的海中怪兽），形状像和鱼鳃如出⼀辙，显然与海洋⽣物的呼吸系统有关联。它的动态幕墙是和Knippers Helbig⾼级⼯程公司共同开发，是有史以来最⼤的依环境变化的⾃适应结构，模仿了鲸鱼的鲸须过滤器（鲸须是指⽣长在须鲸类⼝部的⼀种由表⽪形成的巨⼤⾓质薄⽚。柔韧不易折断，悬垂于⼝腔内，呈梳状，⽤以滤取⽔中的⼩虾、⼩鱼等为⾷饵）。幕墙⽴⾯由108层玻璃纤维增强塑料制成，通过弹性弯曲打开和关闭外表⾯。建筑设有⼀个由216个伺服电动机组
成的系统（伺服电动机是利⽤反馈来实现以⼯作为变量的系统的闭环控制的电动机）。在强风中会关闭除13个腮⽚外的所有腮⽚。零缺陷管理
