1
Community rvice is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it becau it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one mester. You can choo to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors---he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community rvice and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.
在我们大学，社区服务是教育的一个重要组成部分。我们鼓励所有的学生在毕业之前自愿参加至少一次社区活动。一个叫做“一帮一”的新的社区活动帮助落后的小学生。教育专业的你也许特别对它感兴趣，因为它提供了教学的机会，即教数学和英语。你得每学期每周自愿服务两小时。你可以选择来帮助一个孩子的数学，英语，或者两者兼之。半小时课程就好，所以你每周两天做每科半小时。道奇教授将会给这些家庭教师扮演指导者的角色，他可以帮助你的课程计划或者为活动提供建议。每周二和周四下午他都有工作时间。你可以向他活动报名，下周就开始辅导。我确信你将会享受这个社区服务，而且同时你将获得有价值的经历。在你的简历上它也变得好看，显示出你和孩子之间的经历，而且你关注你的社区。如果你愿意报名，或者你有任何问题，请于这周到访道奇教授的办公室。
2
I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contrac
ts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at a, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at a, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can e how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. The were outlined in chapter six and will rve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of tho points might be?
我希望你已经完成阅读关于保险的指定章节，以至于你准备好我们今天的讨论。但是，在我们开始之前，我想要提一些你的课文中不会涉及的东西。指出保险以某种形式已经存在
了很长一段时间是有趣的。最早的保险政策我们叫做船舶抵押契约合同。早在公元前3000年他们就为商人提供船运保护。通常，这种合同仅仅是口头协议。他们准予借款给商人，伴随着这种协定，即如果一次货物运输在海上失败了，借款不必归还。借款的利率根据运输货物有多冒险来变动。在海上海盗严重时期，例如，利率的数量和政策的成本会相当的上升。所以，你可以看见保险是怎样帮助促进国际贸易的。甚至是最小心谨慎的商人都变得愿意长途冒险运输他们的货物，更不用提在危险的天气条件下当他们有着这种可行的保护时。一般而言，从中世纪来，保险政策的基本形式就非常相似。今天，在所有的政策中，有四点是突出的，而且依然最主要。这些在第六章节描述，作为今天讨论剩余部分的基础。
3
Located at the NASA Rearch Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman obrved scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of th
e Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights 空气刘海怎么剪to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. The weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly['ɔ:kwə:dli]. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually incread the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, 李有源graceful员工休息室 李晨演的电视剧strides until they comfortably ttled into an even 设计方案怎么做quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.
坐落于爱荷华州NASA研究中心有一个重达5000加仑的水池，在池塘中有一个水下跑步机，
由大卫•纽曼，一名航天宇宙工程师所设计。四年来，纽曼观测水肺潜水员，当他们模仿在月球和火星上行走，拴着她的水下移动腰带。她想要发现月球和火星的重力是怎样影响人类运动的。为了做这个，纽曼加上重量给潜水员，然后降低他们进入到池塘中，并到跑步机上面。这些重量经过仔细调整，以至于潜水员在水下当他们在跑步机上行走时能够体验到月球和火星的重力。纽曼总结道，在火星行走比在月球行走容易些。月球比火星有更少的重力，所以在月球重力下，潜水员要奋力保持他们的平衡，笨重地行走。但是在火星重力下，潜水员有更好的牵引力和稳定性，而且能够轻易地调整到每小时1.5英里的步速。当纽曼逐渐增加跑步机的速度，潜水员迈着更长的和优雅的步幅，直到他们舒服地稳定到一个平坦的、较快的步速。纽曼也指出，在火星重力下，潜水员需要较少的氧气。纽曼收集的数据将会帮助未来火星太空服装的设计。和月球太空服相比，火星太空服要求较小的气囊，而且，考虑到更自由的移动，太空服的肘部和膝盖地区将会修改。
4
Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous ['nju:mərəs] species of plants and wildlife. At one and
核苷酸的作用a half million acres['eikəs], it's too big to e it all today, but this tour will offer you a good sampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start becau it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll e many exotic[,iɡ'zɔtik] birds and, of cour, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie ['prεəri]. From there we'll head to some other marshy['mɑ:ʃi] and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical ['trɔpikəl] plant life. For tho of you who'd like a clor view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe [kə'nu:] sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good n of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome, but you'll still want to u an inct repellent [ri'pelənt].
欢迎来到大沼泽地国家公园。埃弗格莱兹是一块被锯齿草覆盖的淡水平原，这些锯齿草是大量物种的植物和野生动物的家园。占地150万亩，它太大以至于看不见全部，但是这次旅行将会提供给你一个好的样本。我们的旅游巴士将会首先停在Taylor Slough。这是一个开始的好地方，因为它是与埃弗格莱兹相关的具有代表性的大量植物和动物的家园。你将会看见许多异国的鸟类，当然，（还有）我们世界著名的短吻鳄。别担心，这里有一条木板路穿过沼泽，所以你能从一个安全的距离向下看见水里的动物。这条木板路是足够高能给你这个锯齿草原一个好的视野。从那里我们将前往一些其他的沼泽和甚至丛林之类的，以奇妙的热带植物生活为特征的区域。为了想要对锯齿草原有一个接近的视野的你，你也许考虑租一条独木舟在你参观这儿的某个时候。不管怎样，不要这样做，除非你有一个非常好的方向感和能够XX穿过大草原的路。我们讨厌不得不去寻找你。在冬天你有一个呆在这儿的好运气，它是一年中最好的时间去旅游。在春天和夏天，蚊子大概会活生生地吃了你！现在它们没那么令人讨厌，但是你仍然要用一瓶杀虫剂。
5
Thank you. It's great to e so many of you interested in this ries on "Survival in Outer
Space." Plea excu the cameras, we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine [i'mædʒin] an astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t], that's probably the fist thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum ['vækjuəm]—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging ['reindʒiŋ] from a toasty 300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit ['færəhait]. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image ['imidʒ] of an actual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso['tɔ:səu]. It’s made of ven extremely [ik'stri:mli] durable ['djuərəbl] layers['leiəs]. This thick[θik] insulation札萨克[,insju'leiʃən] protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable[in'fleitəbl] sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric [,ætməs'ferik] pressure. This bladder press against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at a level. The innerm
ost交友原则 layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation[,venti'leiʃən] . Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated[sə'fistikeitid] part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate ['demənstreit]?
