2019英语四级考试阅读提高练习(13)
Hope is Healthy
You are about to go to the hospital for a routine surgical procedure. Which attitude is healthier?
A. "I'd better find out everything I can about this operation—you can never know too much. "
B. "Don't tell me the details. It's going to be fine. "
Answer B is suppod to be the wrong one. It's an example of what psychologists call "denial," a defence mechanism that minimizes uncomfortable information. Denial, they have argued, is stupid, lf-defeating and ultimately dangerous.
狗的资料But rearch is showing that answer B is a faster route to recovery. Denial—of a certain sort and at certain times—can be healthy. Of cour, you do need to pay attention to some unpleasant facts. The trick is to know when it's helpful to worry and when it's counterproductive.
Out-and-out denial may be the best approach to surgery, according to Richard S. Lazarus, professor of psychology at the University of California at Berkeley. With Frances Cohen, Lazarus studied 61 patient
民谣歌手s about to undergo operations (all relatively common operations). In general, patients followed one of two mental strategies; "avoidance" or "vigilance. "
Typically, avoiders had not discusd their surgery in detail with anyone, didn't want to know about it and didn't dwell upon its risks.
In contrast, vigilant types were alert to every detail. Many sought out articles about their disorders. They wanted回忆过去美好的句子
to know the risks of surgery, the risks if surgery was not performed, the surgical procedures, the potential
complications and the likelihood of recurrence.
When Lazarus and Cohen compared the two groups after surgery, they found that avoiders got on much better. They
had a lower incidence of postoperative complications such as naua (恶心), headache, fever and infection. The net result：they were discharged sooner.六个月宝宝发烧
One reason may be that their denial make room for hope,等待的唯美句子
or at least for a positive outlook, even under the grimmest
走的词语of conditions. "Never deny the diagnosis, but do deny the negative opinion that may go with it," advis Norman Cousins, author of Anatomy of an Illness and The Healing Heart. Why? Becau grim warnings about dias come from statistics on the average ca. Cousins believes that most patients, given hope and determination, have a good chance to transcend the averages.
Adds Dr. Hackett： "Deniers e the machines they're hooked up to as helping them to get well, not as a sign of a badly functioning heart. Tho who feel most positive about their ability to get well tend to do better than tho who
fear and worry more. "
Of cour, none of the rearchers would conclude that denial is the best approach to all medical matters. A
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diabetic must monitor blood sugar; a kidney patient must keep track of dialysis (透析) ; a woman who finds a lump in her breast must not delay in having it diagnod.
The question to ask yourlf, Dr. Lazarus explains, is whether the information you gather will help yo
u solve a problem, or whether there is little you can do to change things. In the first ca, pay attention and act. In the cond ca, don't become preoccupied with the risks; anxiety can worn your health.
Dr. Herbert Benson, associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, points out that the overly vigilant patient's central nervous system becomes aroud into the
fight-or-flight respon. But since all the patient can do is lie there, his body suffers the classic damages of stress.
While studying people's reactions to medical stress, Temple University psychologist Suzanne Miller and University
of Pennsylvania gynecologic oncologist (妇科肿瘤学 ) Charles E. Mangan placed 40 women about to undergo colposcopy (阴道镜
检查) in two different groups, according to their coping style.
Miller's main interest was to e whether any of the women would cope better if they had extra information. She gave half of each group voluminous details about what would happen and how they
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would feel; she gave the rest only the basic facts. Overall, the results reinforced the benefits of avoidance. The women given minimal information felt more relaxed throughout the procedure than the women who knew more. (Oddly enough, the group desiring information complained that they would have liked even more. The very act of gathering details emed to make them less anxious. )
Miller's rearch shows that different people react to news about their situations in very different ways. That
