成人教育大学英语网络化教学考前辅导
考试题型
1. Reading Comprehension (40%) (共四篇短文)
2. V ocabulary & Structure (10%) （20个选项）
3. Cloze (15%)
4. Translation (20%) （英文翻成中文，题目全部来自课文）
5. Writing (15%)
课程总成绩比例
英语（2）课程总成绩= 网络学习（50%）+ 期末笔试（50%）
网络学习= 在线作业(40%) + 课程浏览(60%)
Part I Reading Comprehension
Passage 1
涣然冰释
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a t of dynamic variables (动态的变量): language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics（美学）, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive (解释的) knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cas, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school propos that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant (移植);
the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia (近视) or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. The principles are to know your
adversary (对手), know your audience, and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business diversity is not necessary.
C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.
2. According to the author, the model of Pepsi____________ .
A. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around
B. is different from the model of McDonald’s
C. shows the rever of globalization
D. has converged cultural differences
3. The two schools of thought___________________ .
A. both propo that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
B. both advocate that different policies be t up in different countries
C. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
D. Both Ａand Ｂ
4. This article is suppod to be most uful for tho ___________________.
A. who are interested in rearching the topic of cultural diversity
B. who have connections to more than one type of culture
C. who want to travel abroad
D. who want to run business on International Scale
5. According to Fortune, successful international companies___________________ .
A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overas
B. all have the quality of patience
包罗万象什么意思C. will follow the overas local cultures
D. adopt the policy of internationalization
1-5 CACDB
Passage 2
Yesterday was the Double Ninth Festival —the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. The auspicious fig
ure connotes eternity (不朽), and thus longevity in our culture. The date’s association with old age became clor and clearer in 1989, when it was designated Senior Citizens’ Day.
So yesterday at the Confucian Temple in Beijing, 50 three-generation families were convened to perform traditional rites symbolizing respect for family elders.
Children and grandchildren, dresd in traditional costumes, bowed before their parents, or grandparents, in humble reverence, and offered them symbols of longevity. Confucius, if he were there and looked at the crowd from Heaven, must have heaved a sigh of relief. After so many
years of disregard and denial of the tradition, his descendants are finally trying to live up to their country’s proud label as a “land of courtesy and propriety”.
For many of us, especially tho who live and work away from home and parents, the Double Ninth Festival is an occasion to make up for our neglect of filial (孝顺的) duties at other times. And the cost can be as low as an unexpected bouquet, or a phone call. That is family.
There is nothing wrong on the government’s part to promote awareness of our traditional virtues like respect for the aged. But as the national population structure evolves, taking care of nior citizens is no longer just a family matter.
The number of people above 60 has reached 149 million nationwide. In Shanghai, for instance, this age group accounts for more than 20 percent of the local population.
While various recent surveys reported reluctance by the elders to spend life’s last years in nursing homes, almost all tho with decent facilities and rvices e overwhelming demand.One of them in Beijing claimed it would take 20 years from now to accommodate all current requests.
From that, the government es challenges, and business e opportunities.
品牌名称设计We hate hearing government officials say tight budget prevents them from building more nursing homes to meet the need. Foot-dragging (迟疑) will only aggravate the pains once aging evolves into a full-blown crisis. We can scarcely imagine the nationwide scenario (情景). It is unrealistic to expect the government to single-handedly handle all the pressures. But there is no excu for authorities to merely stand aside. Lack of standards, like in many other rvice ctors, is a main reason why many elders would rather stand the loneliness at their empty nests than go to nursing homes.
A responsible government can do a lot in providing comfortable yet affordable nursing homes, while improving care and rvices in both urban and rural communities.
我的朋友普通话三分钟范文
It is the duty of the government to facilitate policies and rvices to enable the elderly to enjoy their twilight years with little worries about wherever they choo to live.
6．What are children suppod to do on Senior Citizens’ Day?
A) Be dresd in traditional costumes.
B) Bow before their parents.
C) Offer their parents symbols of longevity.
D) All of the above.
7．For whom is the Double Ninth Festival an occasion to make up for what they should have done at other times?
A) Teenagers.
B) People living and working away from home and parents.
C) People with children.
D) Elderly people.
8．It can be learned from the passage that ______.
A) i t’s government’s duty to promote awareness of our traditional virtues
B) taking care of nior citizens is just a family matter
C) the number of people above 60 in Shanghai accounts for more than 40 percent of the local
population
D) most elders don’t like to spend their last years in nursing homes
9．According to government officials, what might be the main reason for the shortage of nursing space?浩然之气的意思
A) Disapproval from government.
B) Disapproval from the relatives of the elders.
C) Lack of standards.
D) Tight budget.
10．The main purpo of the passage is to ______.
A) criticize government officials
B) promote national awareness of respect for and care of the aged
C) inform readers with the culture of Senior Citizens’ Day
D) criticize the young people for their neglect of taking care of their parents
6-10 DBDDB
Passage 3
Interpersonal conflicts are everywhere. Couples disagree about what to eat, whether to go to the mall, relationships with children, etc. Students and teachers have conflicts over grades. We have road rage on suburban highways, disputes between neighbors, and arguments between workers and boss.
The importance of interpersonal conflict lies in how we handle it. Some helpful terms that describe our options when we encounter conflicts are “flight, fight, or unite.”
Flight is what scholars call the exit option. Sometimes you can just walk away. If someone acts aggressively toward you on the highway, you can avoid them. Fighting is very common. Domestic abu, most violent crimes, and schoolyard fights are usually an outgrowth of interpersonal conflict. A third option is to unite to solve differences cooperatively. Couples can talk through differences of opinion. Teachers and students can ttle almost every grade complaint in a way that not only satisfies them but also makes them better students or teachers. However, if the interpersonal conflict is inten, uniting requires help from a third party―someone who helps the two parties in dispute find common interests that can rve as the basis for an agreement. For example, mediators are ud on a routine basis in American business, and many families e counlors.
Individuals can have a big impact on the results of interpersonal conflicts. Out of the three options, “flight, fight, and unite”, the first two are almost alwa ys counterproductive. In reality, violence ud in respon to violence produces even more violence in return. Flight does not provide a better option either. Flight is not necessarily physically running from a conflict. Rather, we tend to delay dealing with it, hoping that somehow it will just go away. It ldom does.
Therefore, individuals are responsible for solving their problems cooperatively. Conflict resolution is a growth industry, but the growing community of conflict resolution professionals still needs to become more visible so that people can learn about it and turn to it when a conflict aris. People also need to become better at resolving disputes themlves. No matter how many mediators there are, and how well they are known, they cannot come clo to mediating every interpersonal conflict. People need to learn how to resolve conflicts on their own.
11. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true about interpersonal
conflicts?
A) They occur frequently between students and teachers becau of the load of assignments.
B) The solution to interpersonal conflicts depends on how we cope with them.
C) They cannot be completely conquered unless we stick to our own viewpoints.
D) They are absolutely a matter between the two parties involved.
12. All of the following are choices offered in the passage when we are confronted with conflicts
EXCEPT ______.
描写战争的诗A) escaping from aggressive people
B) yielding to the other person
青青子矜C) negotiating to resolve our disagreements
D) taking violent actions to oppo conflicts
13. If people choo to unite in the inten conflict described in the passage, it requires ______.
A) merely the two parties’ commitment
B) the involvement of law experts
C) the two parties’ common hobbies
D) so meone el’s help apart from the two parties
14. Among the three choices listed in this passage, for which one does the writer have a
preference?
A) Flight. B) Fight. C) Unite. D) Not mentioned.
15. In the last paragraph, “conflict resolution is a growth industry” probably implies that ______.
A) conflict resolution companies are well on their way
B) more conflict resolution companies have sprung up
C) an increasing number of professionals are engaged in conflict resolution, causing rapid
development
D) conflict resolution has already become a mature industry
11-15 BBDCC
Passage 4
When referees e red, they don’t get angry. They may actually favor the competitor in scarlet attire, a new study suggests.
A recent study in the journal Nature found that athletes who wore red in combat sports out-performed their opponents wearing blue.
The authors of that study suggested that the color red might give a psychological edge to the red-clad athlete, becau red is a color associated with dominance and aggressiveness. They suggested that either the red attire incread tho feelings in the athlete wearing them or that they intimidated his opponent by suggesting tho qualities.
But psychologist Hagemann and his colleagues disagreed with the conclusions, saying that the authors had left out one major component of the sports: the referees.生活就是这样
“Referees have a very strong influence on this sort of sport,” Hagemann said.
“Often, events in a sport happen too fast for a referee to accurately judge them, becau the visual system simply can’t process that quickly.”
Hagemann suspected that the better performance of the red-clad opponent was in reality a “subconscious bias” for the color on the part of the referees.
To test this idea, the rearchers showed 42 experienced tae kwon do referees video clips（剪辑）o
f sparring rounds of five different male competitors of similar abilities. First they were
