顶尖管理者如何做决策？
The Inner Workings of the Executive Brain
Take much of what you know about how the best executives make decisions. Now, forget it.室友情
你知道顶尖管理者是如何做决策的吗？现在，把你了解的那些东西都抛到脑后吧。
For instance, we all 'know' that tight deadlines lead to inspiration. Except they often don't. Instead, they typically are counterproductive-making people less creative precily when they need to be. Or most of us assume that when we try to solve problems, we're drawing on the logical parts of our brains. But, in fact, great strategists em to draw on the emotional and intuitive parts of their brain much more.
比方说，我们都“知道”，紧迫的期限能给人带来灵感。可惜事实常常并非如此。紧迫的期限往往还会产生事与愿违的后果——在最关键的时刻削弱人的创造力。另外，大多数人都以为，在解决问题时，我们依靠的是大脑中控制逻辑推理的区域。而事实上，顶尖战略家似乎会更多地依靠大脑中控制情绪和直觉的区域。
The are some of the insights coming from the world of neuroimaging, where scientists u sophisticated machines to map what's going on inside the brain when people do jobs or ponder problems. The work is still in its early stages, but even now it offers an extraordinary opportunity that wasn't possible before.
以上是神经影像学带给我们的一些洞见。从事神经影像学的科学家会运用复杂的仪器来绘制人们工作或思考问题时脑部活动的影像。该领域的研究现在虽然尚处起步阶段，但已经为我们提供了前所未有的绝佳机遇。
Rearchers can now e how people's brains react to a situation-a process that, obviously, the subjects themlves can't e, let alone explain. That promis to provide a much clearer view of how leaders make good choices, and how other people can learn to follow their example.
研究人员现在可以看到人脑如何对某些情况做出反应——这一过程研究对象本人显然无法看到，更别说进行解释了。相关研究有望让我们更好地了解领导者如何做出明智选择以及普通人怎样从中汲取经验。
Here's a clor look at some of the discoveries rearchers have made.
下面让我们更深入地探讨研究人员的部分发现。
属兔和属龙的相配吗
Want Innovation? Be Wary of Deadlines
紧迫的期限无助于创新
We often think a deadline can help us shake off inertia and focus on getting a job done. But the brain rearch suggests precily the opposite is true. A deadline, instead, more often limits our thinking and can lead to much wor decision making.
我们常常以为，定一个最后期限能帮助我们克服惰性并专注地完成工作。但对大脑的研究却显示实际情况恰恰相反。紧迫的期限在更多时候会限制我们的思维，使决策质量大大下降。
二年级学生写日记Richard Boyatzis -along with colleague Anthony Jack and others-has found that a tight deadline increas people's urgency and stress levels. The people show more activity i
n the brain's 'task positive' network, which we u for problem solving. But it's not the part of the brain that comes up with original ideas.
etc有优惠吗凯斯西储大学光电话(Ca Western Rerve University)魏书生班级管理组织行为学、心理学和认知科学系教授理查德·博亚齐斯(Richard Boyatzis)和同事安东尼·杰克(Anthony Jack)以及其他研究者发现，紧张的期限会使人的紧迫感和心理压力加剧。在这种状态下，研究对象大脑中负责解决问题的“任务正激活”(task positive)网络会比较活跃。但这并不是大脑中产生新颍创意的区域。
'The rearch shows us that the more stressful a deadline is, the less open you are to other ways of approaching the problem, ' says Dr. Boyatzis, a professor in the departments of organizational behavior, psychology and cognitive science at Ca Western Rerve University. 'The very moments when in organizations we want people to think outside the box, they can't even e the box.'
博亚齐斯博士表示：“研究显示，期限越紧，你就越难想到解决问题的其他途径。在这种情况下，我们想让组织中的成员‘跳出盒子思考’，他们却连‘盒子’都看不到。”
世界杯大名单
For example, an IT manager being pushed to launch a new software product quickly might rush to get all the bugs fixed. With less pressure, he or she might have taken a step back, asked why all tho problems were cropping up in the first place, and come up with a completely different approach to writing the code that worked more smoothly and didn't produce the glitches.
比方说，如果一名IT经理要赶着推出新款软件产品，这名经理也许会急于修复所有漏洞。但如果压力没那么大，这位经理也许就会后退一步，问问自己究竟为什么会出现这些问题，然后采用完全不同的处理方式，去编写运行更顺畅，从源头上杜绝这些漏洞的代码。
Does that mean companies should get rid of deadlines? In most cas, that's not realistic. So Srini Pillay, an assistant clinical professor at Harvard Medical School and founder of the coaching firm NeuroBusiness Group, suggests that companies help employees reduce stress and access the creative parts of the brain even when they're under pressure.
那么，这是否意味着公司应该取消最后期限呢？在多数情况下，这是不现实的。因此，哈
佛医学院(Harvard Medical School)助理临床教授、培训公司NeuroBusiness Group创始人西里尼·皮拉伊(Srini Pillay)建议公司帮助员工减压，使他们即使在重压之下仍能“访问”大脑的创意区。
One such technique is learning to let the mind wander, with exercis like meditation. In that mental state, the creative part of the brain tends to be active. 'When people hit a wall in their thinking, in general they start thinking harder, ' says Dr. Pillay. 'What the neuroscience rearch tells us is that it's more important to think differently.'
其中一项技巧是通过冥想等练习，学会随意畅想。在这种精神状态下，大脑中的创造力区域往往会活跃起来。皮拉伊博士说：“人们在思考中遇到障碍时，一般会更加绞尽脑汁地思考。而神经科学研究告诉我们，换种思维方式更重要。”
Big Unknowns Lead to Bad Choices
不确定感会让人做出错误的选择
The ticking clock of a deadline isn't the only kind of pressure that makes for bad decision
s. So does uncertainty, such as feeling that your job or your company's future is under threat.
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