工作疏忽大意自我检讨Chapter 1
Why study Intercultural communications?
Four trends of the modern world make intercultural communication inevitable:顺序分配法
1. Technological development
2. Globalization of the economy
3. Widespread population migrations
4. Development of multiculturalism
Only through the understanding of intercultural communication can people develop a global mind-t in the global village that is our world today and live more harmoniously with one another.
The field of intercultural communication has developed both theoretical and applied perspectives.
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1. Theoretically, the study focus on more or less purposive interaction between people of different cultures and different racial and ethnic groups.
2. Practically, intercultural communication is applied in different kinds of intercultural and interethnic training programs to help people of different backgrounds understand and accept each other in academic, business, government, and other ttings.
Chapter 2
The relationship between Culture and Communication:
Culture and communication act on each other. As the carrier of culture, commnunication influences the structure of a culture, and culture is necessarily manifested in our communication patterrns by teaching us how we should talk and behave.
Communication:情迷大话王
Communication is defined as an interdetermining process in which we develop a mutually dependent relationship by exchanging symbols.
Communication has four characteristics:
(1) Communication as a holistic phenomenon
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(2) Communicaiton as a social reality
(3) Communicaiton as a developmental process
(4) Communication as an orderly process
Culture:
Culture is defined as a negotiated t of shared symbolic systems that guide individuals’ behaviors and incline them to function as a group.
Culture has four characteristics:
(1) Culture is holistic
(2) Culture is learned
(3) Culture is dynamic
(4) Culture is pervasive
Culture has two functions:
(1) It provides a context in which three aspects of human society are embedded: linguistic, physical, psychological.
醋泡大蒜(2) It functions to provide the structure, stability, and curity that are required for the group and its members to maintain themlves as a healthy system.
Intercultural communication:
Intercultural communication is communication among people from two or more cultures.
Successful intercultural communication is bad on the positive feeling and beliefs we bring to the intercultural encounter and on the behavioral skills we posss.
Three forms of intercultural communication bad on the interactants’ intentions: Self-centered dialogue, Dominant dialogue, Equal dialogue.
Chapter 3
Perception:
Perception is a process by which we turn external stimuli into meaningful experiences.
The process of perception includes three stages: Selection, Organization, Interpretaion. Becau perception is lective, we can only partially perceive the things that surround us, it usually follows three steps: Selective exposure, Selective attention, Selective retention. Organization refers to the way we arrange
what we perceive into meaningful patterns, bad on their shape, color, texture, size, and intensity. Interpretation is the process whereby we assign meanings to what we perceive.
Culture has a major impact on the perception process: It not only provides the foundation for the meanings we assign to our perceptions, it also determines how we choo to expo ourlves to and direct our attention toward specific kinds of messages and events.
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The influence of culture on perception is often reflected in the attributional process.
Attribution involves interpreting the meaning of others’ behaviors bad on our past experience or history. Culture provides an environment that allows us to develop all the meanings we posss. Thus, people from different cultures will perceive and interpret others’ behaviors in different ways.
The subjective nature of the perceptual framework arising from our culture indicates that our perception is often partial and inaccurate. The insufficiency manifests as stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.
Stereotypes are tho overgeneralized and oversimplified beliefs we u to categorize a group of people.
Prejudice is a regid attitude bad on erroneous beliefs or preconceptions.
震川先生Discrimination is the acting out of prejudicial attitudes.
