The history of Australia began when people first migrated to the Australian continent from the north, at least 40,000-45,000 years ago. The written history of Australia began when Dutch explorers first sighted the country in the 17th century. The interpretation of the history of Australia is currently the matter of contention, particularly regarding the treatment of Indigenous Australians.
Prehistory
The prehistory of Australia is a term which may be ud to describe the period of approximately 41,000-46,000 years (or up to 68,000 years, as is contended by some studies) between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the first known sighting of Australia by Europeans in 1606, which may be taken as the beginning of the recent history of Australia. This era is referred to as prehistory rather than history becau there are no written records of human events in Australia which pre-date this contact.
Asian contact
For at least a number of centuries, Macassar had traded with Indigenous Australians on Australia's north coast, particularly the Yolngu of north-east Arnhem Land.
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An early map of the known world, made in 1603 by Father Matteo Ricci, an Italian 新员工入职登记表Jesuit who spent a long time in China, noted in a blank space where Australia lies: No one has ever been to this land in the south, hence we know nothing about it. In smaller characters he brushed the Chine characters Fire Land and in是什么Land of Parrots suggesting the Chine were aware of and had perhaps sighted Australia.
European exploration
Records of the discovery of the Australian continent by European expeditions date back to the early 17th century. The first known sighting was in 1606 by the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon, who in his ship Duyfken navigated the Gulf of Carpentaria, sighting and making landfall on the western coast of Cape York Peninsula. In 1616, another Dutchman Dirk Hartog红枫的诗句 left a pewter plate commemorating his landfall at Shark Bay in Western Australia. Some writers have argued that Portugue navigators may have discovered Au
stralia in the 16th century (e Theory of Portugue discovery of Australia), but there is no firm evidence to support this theory. Other 17th century European voyagers (predominantly Dutch, but also French and English) were to follow suit, and by the start of the 18th century the western and northern coastlines of what had become known as "New Holland" had been charted. No attempts to establish ttlements were made, however.
In 1770, the expedition of the Endeavour under command of British Royal Navy Lieutenant James Cook navigated and charted the east coast of Australia, making first landfall at Botany Bay on April 29, 1770. Cook continued northwards, and before leaving put ashore on Posssion Island in the Torres Strait off Cape York on 黄河壶口瀑布位于陕西与哪个省之间August 22, 1770. Here he formally claimed the eastern coastline he had discovered for the Crown, naming it New South Wales. Given that Cook's discoveries would lead to the first European ttlement of Australia, he is often popularly considered its European discoverer, although he had been preceded by Janszoon by more than 160 years.
The favorable reports of the lands was relayed by Cook's expedition upon their return to England generated interest in its offered solution to the problem of penal overcrowding in Britain, which had been exacerbated by the loss of its American colonies. Accordingly, on May 13, 1787 the 11 ships of the First Fleet t sail from Portsmouth, England, bound for Botany Bay.
Settlement and Colonization自我签定
The British Crown Colony of New South Wales started with the establishment of a ttlement and penal colony at Port Jackson by Captain Arthur Phillip on 26 January 三字经背诵1788. This date was later to become Australia's national day, Australia Day. Van Diemen's Land, now known as Tasmania, was ttled in 1803 and became a parate colony in 1825. Britain formally claimed the western part of Australia in 1829. Separate colonies were created from parts of New South Wales: South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859. The Northern Territory (NT) was founded in 1863 as part of the Province of South Australia. Victoria and South Australia were founded as "free colonies" —济南社保官网
that is, they were never penal colonies, although the former did receive some convicts from Tasmania. Western Australia was also founded "free", but later accepted transported convicts due to an acute labor shortage. New Zealand was part of New South Wales until 1840 when it became a colony. The transportation of convicts to Australia was phad out between 1840 and 1868.
1788 - New South Wales, according to Arthur Phillip's amended Commission dated 25 April 1787, as including "all the islands adjacent in the Pacific Ocean" and running westward to the 135th meridian. The islands included the current islands of New Zealand, which was administered as part of New South Wales.
1825 – New South Wales western border is extended to 129° E. In the same year Van Diemen's Land proclaimed.
1829 - Swan River Colony is declared by Charles Fremantle for Britain.[6]
1832 – Swan River Colony has its name changed to Western Australia.
1836 – South Australia is proclaimed with its western border at 132° E.
1840 - New Zealand is proclaimed.
1846 - The colony of North Australia was proclaimed by Letters Patent on 17 February. This was all of New South Wales north of 26° S. Although revoked in December 1846, the colony did formally exist.
