2017年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列
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Carbon-bad Alternative 碳基替代燃料
1.Although recent years have en substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Conquently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile- is to replace conventional diel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compresd natural gas. liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.
翻译：尽管近几年来私人机动车辆排放的有害污染物已有相当程度的减少，但这类车辆的数量却仍在稳定地增长。因此，美国100多个城市仍然存在着超过法律限定的一氧化碳、悬浮颗粒物和臭氧(由于车辆排出气体中碳氢化合物经过光化反应产生)。人们逐渐认识到实现车辆尾气排放更进一步减少的有效方法--大规模消减私人小汽车除外--是用燃烧更为清洁的燃料，如压缩天然气、液化石油气、乙醇或甲醇代
替传统的柴油和汽油。
电脑怎么连蓝牙耳机2.All of the alternatives are carbon-bad fuels who
molecules are smaller and simpler than tho of gasoline. The molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part becau they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex ries of reactions. The reactions increa the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to relea uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compresd natural gas would require that vehicles have t of heavy fuel tanks- a rious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency-and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.
翻译：所有这些替代物都是碳基燃料，它的分子要比汽油的小而简单。这些分子要比汽油燃烧得更为清洁，部分是因为他们碳-碳键较少，而且即使会释放出碳氢化合物，也不太可能会成为臭氧。较大分子的燃烧，由于它们具有多重碳-碳，伴随着更为复杂的一系列反应。这些反应增加了不完全燃烧得可能性并且易于放出未燃烧的、易起光化反应的碳氢化合物释放到大气中。从另一方面来说，替代燃料
也有缺点。压缩天然气要求车辆有一套沉重的燃料箱--在外观和燃料效率方面有严重的不利之处--并且液化石油气面临着基本的供应量限制。
3.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-bad alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal
supplementchanges in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly ud as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol's most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most rious urban air pollutant.
美乡村翻译：从另一个方面来看，乙醇和甲醇具有由于其他碳基替代燃料的重要优势：它们在单位容量下有更高的能量含量，并且只需要在现存的配送燃料的网络中做很小的变更。乙醇通常用作汽油的补充燃料，但它现在的价格是甲醇的两倍，后者的低成本是具有吸引力的特征之一。不过，甲醇最吸引人的特征是它能够将形成臭氧的车辆尾气这一严重的城市空气污染减少90%。
4.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is bad on the u of "gasoline clone" vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the u of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol prov
lnk文件怎么打开ides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since melhanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than "gasoline clone" vehicles fueled with methanol they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lesning of urban air pollution.
翻译：像任何替代燃料一样，甲醇也有对其的批评意见。然而，大部分批评都是针对“克隆汽油车”的，这些车并没有为使用甲醇而做出哪怕最简单的设计上的改进。这些批评意见是对的，举例来说，一定容量的甲醇只能供给汽油和柴油燃料所能供给的能力的一伴。在其他条件相同时，不得不将车辆的燃料箱做的较大和较沉些。然而，因为烧甲醇的车辆可以被设计成比烧甲醇的“克隆汽油车”更有效率的车辆，所以它们只需要比较少的燃料。车辆只要包含为使用甲醇而作的发动机方面最简单的改进，也将为迅速减轻城市空气污染做出贡献。梨花千树雪
2017年中石油职称英语新版选读文章系列
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Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itlf 无人驾驶汽车
韩国电影妈妈的朋友5
1.In September a driverless Audi TTS will speed to the top of Colorado's Pikes Peak at just under 100 kilometers per hour—that's right, no driver. It is an early step toward a robo-car that can drive itlf, perhaps better than you can.
翻译：9月份，一辆无人驾驶的奥迪TTS汽车将以略低于每小时100公里的速度驶向科罗拉多州的派克峰顶部——对!没有驾驶者!这是朝着能自动驾驶的机器人汽车迈出的较早的一步，它或许比人操作得还好一些。
2.The Pikes Peak run is a joint project of the Stanford University Dynamic Design Laboratory, the Electronics Rearch Lab (ERL) for the V olkswagen Group (which owns Audi), and software-maker Oracle Corp. The rough, part-gravel road to the top of Pikes Peak is the route of the annual International Hill Climb rally, an annual auto and motorcycle race. The TTS run will demonstrate whether the car can take curves as fast as a human driver—without driving off a cliff.
翻译：“派克峰试驾”是斯坦福大学动态设计实验室、大众集团(奥迪品牌拥有者)电子研究实验室，以及软件开发商甲骨文公司的联合项目。这条通往派克峰顶峰的艰险的半沙砾公路也是每年一度的国际汽车及摩托车登山拉力赛的路线。这款TTS汽车的驾驶将证明它是否具备同人工驾驶相媲美的跑弯路的能力——尽量快而不会掉入悬崖。
赠言3.The car's sporty hatchback hous two computers in its trunk, both using Oracle's Java Real-Time System to run algorithms that keep the car on the road and at the limits of its handling ability on the varying surfaces and conditions.猪三合生肖是什么
翻译：这款汽车跑车型的舱盖式后背中嵌有两台计算机，都使用了Oracle的Java实时系统通过算法来保证在不断变化的路况下汽车在道路上行驶并且在其操纵能力的范围之内。
4.The car will be guided by a differential GPS system that corrects errors arising in global positioning satellite signals as they travel through the ionosphere and troposphere. It is exact enough to
