>Gandhi’s Assassination: “Bapu (Father) Is Finished”
1）甘地遇刺：“巴普（爸爸/父亲）死了！”
2）甘地不幸遇刺，印度痛失国父。
3）甘地遇刺身亡，圣雄魂归九天。
>New Delhi, January 30, 1948 (United Press Association) --- Mohandas K. Gandhi was assassinated today by a Hindu Extremist who act plunged India into sorrow and fear.
[合众新闻社 新德里 1948年1月30日电] 莫旱达斯·K·甘地今天遭一名印度教极端分子暗杀身亡，这一暴行使印度举国上下悲痛万分，惊恐不已。
>Gandhi crumpled instantly, putting his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of forgiveness to his assassin. Three bullets penetrated his body at clo range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and one in the chest.
甘地当即垮倒在地，同时还按印度教的方式，以手加额，表示宽恕凶手。三发子弹在近距离射中了他的身躯，其中一颗击中右胯，一颗射入腹部，另一颗打中了胸部。
>A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a cry: “God help us all!!!”
一名惊恐万状的穆斯林妇女喊出了众同胞的心声：“真主啊，救救我们吧！”
>There by the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.
在那里成千上万的人或伫立垂泪，或凄切啜泣，或哀声痛哭。
>Within Birla Hou there was grief and mourning which at least for the moment fud the dissident cts of India --- the Hindus, the Moslems, and the Sikhs -- into a community of sorrow.
在波拉宫，悲痛至少暂时弥合了印度各宗派——印度教徒，伊斯兰教徒和锡克教徒——之间的分歧，使他们融为一体，同声哀悼。
用四字格的好处：
a) Condensing otherwi fussy ideas.
描写春天的词语有哪些b) Achieving brevity
c) Vivifying a translator’s pen
d) Making translation newsier and more readable
Suggested Approaches
I. Condensing (fussy) ideas or loo structures into four-character Chine phras.
>The BBC reporters overwhelmed the police as much with courtesy as with force, and rushed to the scene in time.
英国广播公司记者软磨硬闯，冲破了警察的阻挡，及时赶到事发现场。
>Some personnel executives complained that many college graduates they had interviewed here had two-star abilities with five-star ambitions.
一些人事经理抱怨，在他们面试过的大学毕业生中，其中不少人都是些眼高手低（或好高骛远）之辈。
>… her rich black hair falling freely onto her shoulders, the intensity of her dark eyes.
乌发披肩，亮泽飘逸；一双黑眸，顾盼生辉。
乌亮秀发，瀑垂在肩；一双黑眸，波光潋滟。 (Better)
To be a good translator
l Target language
l Stylistic knowledge
l
Source language
l Professional knowledge
l Cultural impact
能源的英文II. Make your Chine more Chine
>There is no doubt that she is her husband’s professional and intellectual equal.
毫无疑问，她在事业和知识方面都是与其丈夫并驾齐驱的。
>The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer. The more cigarettes smoked by the husband, the greater the threat faced by his non-smoking wife.
这项研究发现，妻子不抽烟而丈夫抽烟的，妻子的肺癌的可能性比一般人大得多。丈夫抽得烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。
>”The market in China is an almost bottomless pit,” the visiting Nike CEO told reporters here in Shanghai.
“中国的市场无限巨大（或前景无量）。”正在上海访问的耐克公司行政总裁（或首席执行官）对记者如是说。
>Unemployment has stubbornly refud to contract for more than a decade.
失业人数居高不下，已持续十多个年头了。
>Companies with a big staff in Beijing find themlves squeezed between high operating costs and shrinking business.
在北京，员工队伍庞大的公司出现了运行成本高，业务量不断萎缩的局面，举步维艰。
>Some state-owned restaurants usually offer slow and rude rvice, less than appetizing food and appalling toilets.
有些国营饭店通常上菜慢、服务差、饭菜糟、厕所脏。
III. Avoid Misinterpretation
>June’s World Cup in Seoul will be a curity nightmare for Japan as well as South Korea.
六月份在首尔举办世界杯，其安全保卫工作不仅对韩国，而且对日本都构成了一个大难题。
>The former White Hou intern repeatedly implied that she possd compromising information about Clinton, which was, if published, liable to harm his reelection for presidency.
这名前白宫实习生多次暗示，她掌握着（有损）克林顿（名誉）的负面材料……
>Professor Wang was quoted as sating that his proposal had died a bureaucratic death.
据王教授说，由于官僚主义盛行，他的这一建议（提交后）便石沉大海（或杳无音信/不了了之）。
>According to experts, almost everything about President Bush’s looks and character are an image-
maker’s nightmare.
据专家说，布什总统从容貌到性格，几乎每个方面都令其形象设计师大伤脑筋。
>The committee ruled that it was justifiable for government to outlaw pornographic magazines and films if it could show that the materials “degraded” women, thus compromising their equality.
该委员会裁定，假如政府能说明这些色情刊物和电影有辱妇女的人格，损害了她们的平等地位，那么政府查禁这些东西就是正当
的。
>The man was lured (by a bar girl) to a nearby hou and cretly filmed in a compromising position with the woman.
该男子（被一吧女）诱骗到附近的一所房子里，他和那女人在一起时被人偷偷摄下了有损其形象的镜头。
>领导干部要讲政治。
Cadres should be politically minded / aware / conscious.在工作上
IV. Semantic Translation vs. Pragmatic Translation
Semantic meaning
Pragmatic meaning
Understanding discrepancy
Culture loss
Dynamic / functional equivalence
Culture-loaded words
Culture clashes
不恰当的翻译：
美丽 vs. beautiful
好男人 vs. good man
贫困家庭 vs. poor family
>巧妇难为无米之炊
Even a clever woman (or houwife) cannot make bread without flour; You cannot make something out of nothing.
>宝钗独自行来，顺路进了怡红院……不想步入院中，鸦雀无闻。（红楼梦）
(David Hankes) … Not a bird’s cheep was to be heard.
(杨宪益) … To her surpri, the courtyard was utterly quiet.
>”You chicken!” he cried looking at Tom with contempt.
“你这个狗熊 / 脓包！”他轻蔑的看着汤姆嚷道。
>I thought he must have got married and had a lioness at home.
我猜想他一定结婚了，而且太太还是母老虎。
>I want to e the back of him.
[拙译] 我想看他的后背。
[改译] 我巴不得他快点离开。
>He’s the last man I want to e.
[拙译] 他是我想最后见到的人。
[改译] 他是我最不想见到的人。
>That’s all I want to hear.
[拙译] 这就是我想听到的全部。
[改译] 够了（别再说了）。
>Achieving tho targets will be a breeze.
[拙译] 达到这些目标将是一股微风。
[改译] 达到这些目标易如反掌。
>The company’s top executives all are refugees from the country’s bureaucratic and under-financed state rearch ctor.
该公司的高层管理人员都来自该国的国家研究机构，这些机构不仅充满官僚主义气息，而且研究经费不足，他们难以在那里呆下去。
>All told, China has roughly 380 million women between the ages of 15 and 55, and few of them --- particularly in the cities --- want to look any less than the best their budgets allow.
15至55岁的中国女性共约有3.8亿，只要经济条件许可，几乎人人都想把自己打扮的绰约亮丽，这种情况在城市尤为明显。
>Eager to trust but determined to verify, many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives to check the background of their suitors.
在这个爱情保险系数并非很高的年代，许多单身女子对求婚的人欲信犹疑，于是就纷纷雇用私家侦探去查清对方的身世经历。
>Rich choice tobaccos plus the modern filter make Ken
t the international passport to smoking pleasure.
富含上乘原料，加配新潮过滤嘴，箭牌香烟让全球烟民“烟”福不浅。
>A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live ahead of their salaries.
越来越多的父母抱怨，现在子女的生活开销总是大得使他们入不敷出。
>The rearch find that young women are heading for an early grave through smoking and lack of exerci.
这项研究发现，由于抽烟和缺少运动，青年妇女正行进于减寿之途。
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(1) The hor is a uful animal.
这马是一个/种有用的动物。
马是有用的动物。
(2) Carlisle street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meatmarkets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green law
n.
卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下上岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后，突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。
(3) The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to ri in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.
小国人民只要敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器并掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能打败大国的侵略。
不坚持，就会失败。
If you don’t hold on, you will fail.
Keep on, or we’ll fail.
One will fail unless he prerves.
Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.
(聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢这临渴掘井)
In line with the latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.
(有些时装设计师为了赶时髦，舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。)
Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless eking!
春花含苞欲放，绿叶缓缓舒展，溪水潺潺流淌，欢乐的春天涌现着无限的追求和希望，这一切难以用语言倾诉表达。
The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
(我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。)
Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discusd.
(在举行个别交谈之前，我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。)
He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 (X)
他身体虽弱，但精神尚佳 。
He found them pushing needles, thread, pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissors and buttons to houwives.
他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针头线脑、锅碗瓢盆。 (X)
他发现他们在向家庭主妇推销针线、锅罐、绸缎、剪刀和纽扣
。
Hailed as an Iacacca, he now must meet added competition.
他把自己标榜为艾柯卡，眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。 (X)
他把自己标榜为艾柯卡式的金融巨子，眼下一定会遇到更多的竞争对手。
富贵功名若长在，汉水也应西北流。
If wealth and rank were long constant, then indeed might the water of the Han River flow northwest.(X)
Unless could the stream flow backward to its fountain, wealth and honor could remain forever.
… Size don’t matter, chopping wood…
说到劈柴，个头并不重要。 (X)
个头没啥关系，劈柴嘛。。。
=============================================================
We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
威海野生动物园Let’s revi our safety and sanitary regulations.
春天是什么颜色我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace.
先生们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。
Nels had it all written out neatly.
纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。
What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.
四先四后2. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。
A large family has its difficulties.
3. 天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊。
The sky is blue, blue;
And the steppe wide, wide;
Over grass that the wind has battered low;
Sheep and oxen roam.
5. 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。
Green grows the grass upon the bank,
The willow shoots are long and lank.
I am looking forward to the holidays.
我们等待假日的到来。
Much of our morality is customary.
发财树怎么种我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。
Histories make men wi; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。
没有调查研究就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)
武汉行营2. 子曰:“学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。”
Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”
3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
4. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方. 这样你才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and e if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your w
