考研英语（阅读）-试卷130
(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)
1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）
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解析：
2.survivedPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）
新西湖十景__________________________________________________________________________________________
解析：
Public health officials grappling with the obesity epidemic have debated a wide range of ap
proaches to helping slim the American waistline. To some degree, everything from building more sidewalks to banning chocolate milk has been explored. Yet few tactics have been as polarizing as the possibility of introducing tariffs on treats. Despite endorment from veral respected obesity rearchers and politicians, soda taxes, for example, have been subject to vere scrutiny, as critics protested that implementing a tax before verifying that it would achieve the end result was shortsighted and potentially overreaching. So, in attempt to determine just how sin taxes might impact people"s food choices, psychologists from the University of Buffalo decided to put junk food levies to the test—in the lab. Rearchers recruited shoppers to examine the aisles of a mock supermarket filled with 68 common foods labeled with nutritional information. Participants were given a predetermined amount of cash, and were told to u that money to purcha a week"s worth of groceries for a family. The first time, all of the products on the shelves were priced in keeping with local supermarkets. In subquent trips, however, junk food was taxed—an additional 12.5%, then 25%—or healthier foods were subsidized to reduce cost. The study, published in the journal Psychological Science, revealed that t
axes were more effective at getting people to avoid certain products than subsidies were at prompting healthier food purchas. In scenarios where junk foods were taxed, study participants generally came away with a lower caloric total for their groceries, and a higher ratio of protein to fats and carbohydrates. Yet, in situations where healthy foods were subsidized, the savings were often spent on additional junk food. That is, instead of stocking up on more fruits and vegetables becau they were cheaper, the study"s shoppers bought their vegetables, and then ud the leftover cash to bring home extra treats like chips and soda. In the end, the subsidies—only scenarios resulted in higher total calorie counts, and didn"t result in overall nutritional improvement on the week"s groceries. Becau the scenario is hypothetical,; the findings certainly shouldn"t be taken as the final word in the sin tax debate, the rearchers stress, but should instead be ud to inform the ongoing discussion about practical ways to battle obesity. To that end, they say, the next step should be rearch to determine whether the results would be replicated in the real world.（分数：10.00）
(1).It is suggested in the first paragraph that obesity has（分数：2.00）
A.aroud extensive concern. √
B.affected infrastructure nationwide.
迫不及待的意思是什么
C.been analyzed from political aspect.
象鼻神
D.led to many polarizing opinions.
解析：解析：事实细节题。根据题干定位到文章第一段。该段首句讲到许多官员对如何使美国人瘦下来进行了讨论，可知肥胖问题引起了人们的广泛关注，故A项为正确答案。
(2).Psychologists from the University of Buffalo decided to experiment on junk food tax in order to（分数：2.00）
&st whether it would interfere with food option. √婴儿歌曲0至1岁
B.find the best way to curb the obesity epidemic.
C.determine how polarizing the solution was.
&amine various possibilities of food choices.
解析：解析：细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第一段最后一句话。由该句in attempt to后的内容可知，研究的目的是为了确定对垃圾食品征税对人们选择食品有多大影响，故A项正确。
(3).Which of the following is true of the experiment?（分数：2.00）
A.Participants were asked to choo from 68 nutritional items.
B.Participants were recruited to buy things from a local supermarket.
C.Junk foods were taxed; meanwhile healthier ones were subsidized.
D.There were different scenarios for subjects to participate in. √
解析：解析：是非判断题。根据题干定位到文章第二段。根据文章可知，实验先让模拟超市价格与实际情况相同，然后在后续的对比试验中(in subquent trips)对有些货品征税或实行补贴，由此可知实验设置了不同的情境，D项符合题意。
(4).The study published in Psychological Science showed that（分数：2.00）
A.subsidies would promote healthier food purchas.
&pared with subsidies, taxes emed to operate more effectively. √
C.both taxes and subsidies would greatly affect people"s food choice.
D.taxes will help shoppers to stock up on more fruits and vegetables.
解析：解析：细节理解题.根据题干定位到文章第三段。由文章可知，征税比补贴对人们健康饮食更有效，故B项正确。
(5).To which of the following statements would the rearchers most likely agree?（分数：2.00）
反腐倡廉的电视剧 A.Results of the experiment played a vital role in the sin tax debate.
B.More subjects should be included in similar rearches.
C.Though hypothetical, the rearch was still meaningful. √
D.The real situation will provide better ways to tackle obesity.
解析：解析：观点态度题。根据题干定位到文章最后一段。由文章可知，虽然此研究是假设的，但研究人员认为需要让人们知道这一结果。说明这一研究发现还是有意义的，故C项正确。
Suicide, proclaimed Albert Camus, a French Algerian author, philosopher, and journalist, in "The Myth of Sisyphus", is the only rious philosophical problem. In France at the moment it is also a rious management problem. A ries of attempted and successful suicides at France Telecom—many of them explicitly prompted by troubles at work—has sparked a national debate about life in the modern corporation. There are some insular reasons for this melancholy trend. France Telecom is making the difficult transition from state monopoly to multinational company. It has shed 22,000 jobs since 2006, but two-thirds of the remaining workers enjoy civil-rvice-like job-curity. This is forcing it to pursue a toxic strategy抽屉英语 : teaching old civil rvants new tricks while at the same time putti
ng new hires on short-term contracts. Yet the problem is not confined to France. And suicide is only the tip of an iceberg of work-related unhappiness. The most obvious reason for the ri in unhappiness is the recession, which is destroying jobs at a startling rate and spreading anxiety throughout the workforce. But the recession is also highlighting longer-term problems. Unhappiness ems to be particularly common in car companies, which suffer from global overcapacity, and telecoms companies, which are being strongly impacted by a technological revolution. A cond source of miry is the drive to improve productivity, which is typically accompanied by an obssion with measuring performance. Giant retailers u "workforce management" software to monitor how many conds it takes to scan the goods in a grocery cart, and then reward the most diligent workers with prime working hours. The public ctor, particularly in Britain, is brimming with inspectorates and performance targets. Taylorism大连市供暖时间 , which Charlie Chaplin mocked so memorably in "Modern Times", has spread from the industrial to the post-industrial economy. In Japan some firms even monitor whether their employees smile frequently enough at customers. A more subtle problem lies in the mixed messages that c
ompanies nd about loyalty and commitment. Many firms—particularly successful ones—demand extraordinary dedication from their employees. Some provide fringe benefits that are intended to make the office feel like a cond home. But companies also rerve the right to trim their workforce at the first sign of trouble. Most employees understand that their firms do not feel much responsibility to protect jobs. But they nevertheless find it wrenching to leave a post that has consumed so much of their lives.（分数：10.00）
(1).Albert Camus is mentioned to（分数：2.00）
A.show suicide is the only rious philosophical problem.
B.indicate that France is now suffering from a high suicidal rate.
C.introduce the topic of unhappiness at work by starting with suicide. √
D.show that suicide has prompted great debates among philosophers.
解析：解析：例证细节题。根据人名Albert Camus可快速定位到第一段。文章首句引用Alb
ert的话指出自杀是“哲学”问题；第二句是过渡句，指出自杀在法国成了“管理”问题从而引出下文关于life in the moderncorporation(第一段末)乃至work-related unhappiness(第二段末)的讨论。可见，文章引用Albert的话是为了引出全文的主题，故选C。
(2).According to Paragraph 2, "a toxic strategy" denotes（分数：2.00）
A.the training of the remaining workers to take up civil-rvice-like jobs.
B.the old and new employees" differentiating working contract. √
C.the difficult transition from state monopoly to international company.
D.the cruel dismissal of one-third of its original working forces.
