Unit 6
Text A
Give globalization a hand
Here's a fact worth reiterating: despite the vere shocks and imbalances that have hit it off and on during the early years of this century, the world econom y continues to grow, with low inflation. Of cour, performance varies across countries and continents, but there are two generalizations you can m ake: The already rich countries keep enjoying expanding economies, and in the rest of the world millions of people overcom e poverty every year, thanks to economic growth. Is there a force underly ing this benign evolution that transcends national borders?Yes. That force is international econom ic integration or globalization, if you wish. The m arket econom y's capacity to fulfill human needs is being enhanced to an unprecedented extent by international trade and invest m ent.
National economies have becom e increasingly interdependent, and on the whole this process has added scale, flexibility and productivity to the global econom y.Facilitated by m odern transportation and communications and the elimination of trade barriers, specialization - that crucial vehicle of the m arket econom y – has becom e more and m ore sophisticated, as shown by the complexity and efficien
cy of contemporary supply chains. In today's global econom y, firms and countries no longer specialize in the production of goods alone but increasingly in the finer tasks that m ake up the m anufacturing, commercial and financial process, bringing about lower costs, better quality and m ore choices for consum ers.
Great Source of Strongth
Globalization is providing the world with not only greater economic opportunities but also a remarkable resilience to events that in the past would have proven highly disruptive. If you considerecent regional wars, terrorism, the skyrocketing prices of oil and other commodities, and the laxity in the fiscal and monetary policies of som e of the m ajor econom ies, you m ay conclude that it's only through the globalization of the m arket econom y that we've been able to sail through such storm y waters.
For example, the slack in global demand created by the sluggishness in the European and Japane economies during past years was m ore than com pensated for by the rapid and vigorous globalization of China and other em erging
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econom ies.The new' players have m ade world trade m ore dynamic and enlarged the pool of world
savings available to nance the substantial current account deficits2 incurred by the U.S. in recellt years. Although of questionable sustainability and convenience in the m edium and long term, the deficits have nevertheless helped to support overall demand and growth in the short term— without, as yet, shaking international financial stability. The sharp increa in commodity prices over the last
three years has not led to unbearable inflationary pressure becau of the increasing prence of labor-abundant countries in world markets and the ri in productivity brought about by the intensification of global competition.
Don't Forget History眼霜怎么使用
Globalization has, in short, been an incredible force for good in the world. But is this force inexhaustible? Unfortunately, no. Modern globalization has so far proved stronger than the forces and events arrayed against it, but there's no guarantee this will always be the ca. Just as with any other econom ic or social phenomenon, globalization faces risks that could challenge its growth or, wor, cau its reversal.This has happened before, most dramatically in 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, the beginning of the end of an extraordinary expansion in international trade,invest m ent and migration that had taken place during m ost of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
下雨歌词
Historians and economists increasingly remind us that human folly could once again cau the unthinkable. The inability to prevent violent conflict, as well as faulty policies in the face of economic adversity, were at the root of the incredible destruction of life, capital, trade and prosperity suffered by the pre-baby-boom generations of the 20th century. The strategies to tackle a new wave of globalization reversal are no mystery; they were learned through hard experience.
The pursuit of progress and curity at the global level starts by every country's keeping its hou in order, especially tho that have a responsibility to lead by example. Part of this includes a country's supporting, in a rational way, its own people as they adapt to the rigors inherent in free and open markets. Another esntial com ponent is rules-bad international cooperation, partic ularly when it com es to containing or dissipating geopo litical threats to global stability.
Following World War 2 this concept of cooperation was em bodies in various institutions and covenants,which,for the most part,worked well for many years.Lately,however,the value of international cooperation em s to have been forgotten.More frequently than not international laws.agreements and institutions are bypasd,and various attem pts to updat e the indispensable instruments have failed roundly.Thy vision and leadership that created and sustained them over tim e is now missing.We were harshly reminded of this vacuum this summer,first with the latest collap
mapgisk9of the Doha Round and hen with a new military conflagration in the Middle East.Fortunately,the latter has—at least for the tim e being—been subdued,revealingly,by old-fashioned diplomacy and an institution much vilified in recent years:the United Nations.
猜谜语大全及答案会当凌绝顶下一句推进全球化
互动的拼音尽管本世纪初时不时出现严重的冲击和失衡，但世界经济持续增长，没有严重的通货膨胀，这是个值得重申的事实。当然，各国各洲情况不尽相同，但是我们可以作出两点概括：老实反义词
已经富有的国家保持经济全面发展，而其他地方每年有成千上万的人摆脱贫困。这都得益于经济增长。是否有一种什么力量在推动着这种超越国界的良性进化？是的。这种力量就是国际经济大融合。或者，如果你愿意，可以称之为全球化。国际贸易和投资将市场经济满足人类需求的能力提升到了一个前所未有的高度。
国家间经济上相互依赖的程度越来越高，而就总体而言，这一过程扩大了全球经济规模，提高了其灵活性和生产力。由于现代交通和通讯工具提供了便利，贸易障碍得以清除，专门化这一市场经济的重要载体变得越来越复杂。这点从当今供货链的复杂性和有效性上可见一斑。在现今的全球经济下，公司和国家不再专营商品生产，而是越来越专注于精细的任务。这些任务贯穿制造、销售和财务各过程，并实现降低成本、提高质量和为消费者提供更多选择的目的。
巨大的力量源泉
全球化提供给我们这个世界的不只是更多经济发展的契机，还大大增强了我们的抵抗力，可以轻松应对在过去颇具颠覆力量的事件。如果你考虑一下最近的局部战争，恐怖主义，飙
升的油价和其他日用品价格，以及某些经济大国的财务和货币政策的疲软，你会得出这样的结论：正是通过市场经济的全球化，我们才得以在如此狂风巨浪中平安驶过。
例如，在过去几年里欧洲和日本经济发展迟滞所造成的全球需求市场的疲软，已经被中国和其他正在崛起的国家的快速而充满活力的全球化进程抵消。，并且，这些新的参与者给世界贸易注入了活力并增大了国际储备，从而可以支持美国在近几年造成的巨大经常账目赤字这些赤字在不影响全球金融市场稳定的前提下，在短期内有助于支撑全面的需求和增长，虽然从中长期来看，其稳定性和便捷性仍值得探讨。过去三年的日用品价格的快速上升并未造成无法承受的通货膨胀压力是因为全球市场中劳动力资源丰富的国家不断出现和全球竞争力口剧所带来的生产力的提高。
不要忘记历史
全球化，简言之，是种不可思议的力量，为全世界带来了好处。但是这种力量是否无穷无尽？不幸的是，并非如此。迄今为止，现代全球化的确战胜了和它对立的力量和事件。但是我们不能保证这种态
势能永远继续。正如其他任何经济或社会现象一样，全球化也面临着各种风险。这些风险可能阻碍其进一步发展，更有甚者，可能造成大逆转。这曾经发生过，最严重的一次是1914年，一战的爆发标志着在几乎整个I9世纪和20世纪初全面发展的国际贸易、投资和移民活动终结。
历史学家和经济学家一再提醒我们要警惕人类蠢行再一次导致不可想象的后果。20世纪“人口爆炸”前的一代人遭受了生活、资本、贸易和繁荣的不可思议的大毁灭，究其根本，是面对暴力冲突的软弱无能和面对经济困难的错误政策。要想得到发展和安全，每个国家必须从我做起，管理好本国事务。特别是那些负有领导责任的国家更要以身作则。这一方面包括一个国家要理性地支持它的人民调整自己以适应自由开放的市场所固有的一些困难。另一重要方面是以规则为基础的国际合作，特别是在抑制或消解影响全球稳定的地理政治威胁方面。
二战后，合作的观念已经体现在各种制度和契约中。多年来，这些契约在大多数情况下起到了良好的作用。但是，最近，国际合作的价值似乎被遗忘了。更多情况下，国际法规、协议和制度被忽视，而各种试图更新这些必要工具的努力也都彻底失败了。长期以来创建并维护它们的远见卓识和领袖能力不见了。今年夏天多哈会谈的最近一次失败和后来的中东又一轮的军事灾难又一次无情地提醒我们这种真空状态。幸运的是，后者已经一至少暂时一被控制住了。颇具启示意义的是，中东局势得以控制靠的仍是一种老套的外交手段和一个近年
来广遭诋毁的机构一联合国。
