海上气象学Offshore meteorology
概要Summary
海上气象学
Offshore meteorology
•海上风电前景Offshore prospects
•海上风流Wind flow offshore
−风的分布Wind profile小说书包网
−湍流Turbulence
•风的数据Wind data
−监测Monitoring
−数据来源Sources of information
•风的分析Wind analysis
识别假币−可行性研究的方法Feasibility study approach
−细节分析Detailed analysis
乌龙茶怎么泡•发电量预报Energy prediction
•波浪条件Sea-state conditions
•其他海上影响Other offshore effects
海上风电前景
Offshore prospects
•海上风电的主要市场: Main Markets for offshore
•英国、丹麦、美国、荷兰、西班牙，中国
−D, UK, DK, USA, NL, B, S, F, ES, EI, PRC
•2002年英国贸工部市场调查:2005 –2007年的发展速度达到每年1 –5GW
UK DTI market survey 2002 –development at the rate of 1-5 GW per year for 2005 –2007•通常认为海上风大于陆上风-仅与海平面平坦地形相比
It is generally accepted to be windier offshore than onshore –but only when compared to flat terrain at a level
•“欧洲海上风电”2004（GH为绿色和平组织的项目）－海上风电如何满足欧盟30％的需求
“Sea Wind Europe”2004 (GH for Greenpeace) -how 30% of EU demand could be met by offshore wind
海上风流
Wind flow offshore
基本要素Fundamentals
初起火灾的扑救原则•大气层上部（地转自转影响）
Upper atmosphere (Geostrophic conditions)
•无阻碍影响Fetch effects
•地表面粗糙度Surface roughness
−低，0.0001米－0.001米Low, around 0.0001m to 0.001m •低湍流Low turbulence
−风速Wind speed and swell dependent
•低（风剪切）Low “shear”
•大气稳定性Atmospheric stability
−从海水到空气热传递的度量
Measure of the heat transfer from the a to the air
−影响气流内部的混合个体户核定征收
Affects the amount of mixing within the flow
−影响边界层的形态Also, affects the boundary layer shape •不受地形的影响No topographic enhancement 0.03粗糙度－高风剪切
shear profile for roughness of 0.03 –high shear 0.01粗糙程度－低风剪切
shear profile for roughness of 0.001 –low shear 平均风速Mean wind speed [m/s]
高
度
H
e
i
g
h
t
[
m
]
致毕业的青春句子简短
海上风数据Wind data offshore
监测选择Monitoring options
•海上测风杆Offshore mast
−低不确定性Low uncertainty
−高成本High cost
•海上浮标Offshore buoy
−中等不确定性Moderate uncertainty
−成本中等Moderate cost
•海岸测风杆Coastal mast
−高不确定性High uncertainty
−低成本Low cost Picture courtesy Brian Hurley, Airtricity
海上风数据Wind data offshore
•风况分布图Wind maps
−RISØ
−GH / GL
−POWER study
−RE Atlas
•海上数据库Offshore databas
−气象局MET office
−NEXT / NESS
易拉罐做手工−海岸气象站Coastal MET stations
−海上平台Offshore platforms
−灯标Light vesls
−船舶观测Ship obrvations
−在固定建筑物上的历史测量记录例如：灯塔Historical measurements on fixed lighthous −设计指南Design Guidelines
−以前（已发表的）调研Previous (published) reviews −大地观测数据Earth Obrvation data
−再分析/中尺度模型
褚遂良楷书
Reanalysis / Mesoscale models
Average annual wind power RE Atlas, Crown ©2004
