哲学家康德的墓志铭:头顶上灿烂星空,道德律在我⼼“世界上有两件东西能够深深地震撼⼈们的⼼灵,
⼀件是我们⼼中崇⾼的道德准则,
另⼀件是我们头顶上灿烂的星空。”
康德的墓志铭:
位我上者,灿烂星空;
道德律令,在我⼼中。
德⽂原版:
“Zwei Dinge erfuellen das Gemuet mit immer neuer und zunehmender Bewunderung und Ehrfurcht, je oefter und anhaltender sich das Nachdenken damit beschaeftigt: der bestirnte Himmel ueber mir und das moralische Getz in mir.”
不同的中⽂译本:
昙花有两种东西,我们愈是时常愈加反复地思索,
举手发言
七仙女的故事
它们就愈是给⼈的⼼灵灌注了时时翻新,
言不由衷有增⽆减的赞叹和敬畏
——头上的星空和⼼中的道德法则。
有两样东西,我们愈经常愈持久地加以思索,它们就愈使⼼灵充满始终新鲜不断增长的景仰和敬畏:在我之上的星空和居我⼼中的道德法则。
有⼆事焉,常在此⼼,敬⽽畏之;与⽇俱新:上则为星⾠,内则为德法。
不同的英⽂译本
Two things fill me with constantly increasing admiration and awe, the longer and more earnestly I reflect on them: the starry heavens without and the moral law within.
Two things fill the heart with renewed and increasing awe and reverence the more often and the more steadily that they are meditated on: the starry skies above me and the moral law inside me.
Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing wonder and awe —the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.
工会换届工作报告In what may be his single most famous passage, the first ntence of which was even inscribed on his tombstone, Immanuel Kant concluded his Critique of Practical Reason (1788) thus: "Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe, the more often and steadily we reflect upon them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me. I do not ek or conjecture either of them as if they were veiled obscurities or extravagances beyond the horizon of my vision; I e them before me and connect them immediately with the consciousness of my existence. The first starts at the place that I occupy in the external world of the ns, and extends the connection in which I stand into the limitless magnitude of worlds upon worlds, systems upon systems, as well as into the boundless times of their periodic motion, their beginning and continuation. The cond begins with my invisible lf, my personality, and displays to me a world that has true infinity, but which can only be detected through the understanding, and with which . . . I know mylf to be in not, as in the first ca, merely contingent, but universal and necessary connection. The first perspective of a countless multitude of worlds as it were annihilates my importance as an animal creature, which must give the matter out of which it has grown back
to the planet (a mere speck in the cosmos) after it has been (one knows not how) furnished with life-force for a short time."
有两种事物,我们愈是沉思,愈感到它们的崇⾼与神圣,愈是增加虔敬与信仰,这就是头上的星空和⼼中的道德律。
头顶上的灿烂星空,⽰我们以宇宙的⽆垠,让我们体会⾃⾝的渺⼩,感悟现象界的短暂;仰望苍穹,造物主的博⼤启⽰物如的了义,引领我们接近天地的⼤光明,证会⽣命的真谛,吾⼈乃以造化所赐的智的直觉体证⼼灵中的道德律,躬⾃践⾏,以意志的⾃主从⾃然⾛向⾃由。
宿舍卫生管理制度由此,头上的星空不仅仅启迪知识的惊奇,更是物如之体的⽰相,她灵运世界之⽹,妙演宇宙创⽣,以宇宙之造化昭⽰神谕、开启诫命。万象为宾客,宇宙的寥廓与神的光引导吾⼈⼼中的灵明,接近崇⾼,⾛向神圣。在参天地之化育中,乃能顿悟:体相不⼆,物我⼀如!⼼、神、及宇宙,是三⽆差别!
⼈之异于禽兽者⼏希,吾⼈道德之根基⽴于何处?是基于功利的算计、权智的机巧,还是⼤本⼤原的体悟?!是基于关于幸福的成本收益,还是本乎德性圆成的愿望?道德是⼤本⼤原之呈现,发乎吾⼈之本⼼,是宇宙与神启⽰于⼈的绝对律令。普遍⽴法、意志⾃由、⼈是⽬的,我们之为善去恶本乎⽣命的理性,根于性智的证会⽽⾮量智即理智的推演。
现代诗人⼈类因思辨理性⽽获得知识,培根⼀语"知识就是⼒量"唤起⼈们戡天役物的⾃信⽽⾄于狂妄,康德⽼⼈告诫道:现象界是妄⾮真,⽽德性就是⼒量,实践理性的⾃主所导向的德性的圆成才是⽣命的超越
之路,才能真正实现⼈类的⼤⾃由。呼吸内科出科小结
为此,让我们时时仰望苍穹,铭记康德⽼⼈的诫命:头顶上灿烂星空,道德律在我⼼中!