细节理解专练(一)——直接信息类
A
[2019·沈阳监测一] On average, primary school children in England have at least three sugary snacks a day, Public Health England (PHE) found. This means that the sugar they consume is three times more than the recommended maximum.
Children between the ages of 4 and 10 consume 51.2% of sugar from unhealthy snacks. PHE has launched a campaign, Change4Life, to encourage parents to look for healthier snacks of no more than 100 calories, and to limit them to two a day. The campaign advis parents to give their children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no more than 100 calories. The campaign will also offer parents special suggestions on a range of healthier snacks — ones with 100 calories or fewer — at lected supermarkets, PHE said.
PHE said it had also improved its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt an
d fat in food and drinks. Dr Alison Tedstone told the BBC she hoped the campaign would help parents to choo healthier snacks for their children. “If you wander through a supermarket, you can e much more goods being sold as snacks than ever before，” she said, “It's a common phenomenon that kids' lunchboxes are full of snacks, leading to a lot of calories for lunch. Our rearch shows that parents usually appreciate a rule of thumb (经验法则). However, they are surprid to know how much sugar their children are consuming in snacks now.”
Justine Roberts, founder of Mumsnet, said, “The intake (摄入量) of sugar that kids are getting from snacks and sugary drinks alone is pretty astonishing, and it can often be difficult to distinguish which snacks are healthy and which are not. The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their decision correctly and wily.”
体裁：说明文 题材：健康饮食 主题：控制孩子的含糖零食
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。调查显示，英国小学生平均每天至少吃三份含糖零食，这意味着这些孩子消耗的糖是推荐的最大量的三倍。对此，英国公共卫生部门发起了
一项名为Change4Life的活动，鼓励父母们寻找健康零食，并将其限制在每天两份。
【难句分析】 This means that the sugar they consume is three times more than the recommended maximum.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that the sugar maximum”为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词means的宾语，其中“they consume”作the sugar的定语。
译文：这意味着他们消耗的糖是推荐的最大量的三倍。
1．In terms of snacks, the Change4Life recommends that children have at most ________.
A．one snack a day B．three snacks a day
C．100 calories a day D．200 calories a day
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“The campaign advis parents to give their children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no more than 1
00 calories”可知，该活动建议父母每天给孩子最多两份零食，每份 (所含热量) 不超过100卡路里的零食；据此可知，该项运动建议孩子每天最多消耗200卡路里的零食，故D项正确。
2．What can PHE's improved app help parents do?
商业计划A．Test the calories of snacks.
B．Choo delicious snacks.
C．Know the exact content in snacks.
D．Save much money to buy snacks.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“PHE said it had also improved its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks”可知，英国公共卫生部表示，他们还改进了自己的应用程序，以便能够标记食物和饮料中糖、盐和脂肪的含量；据此可知，PHE改进的应用程序能帮助父母了解零食的成分，故C项正确。
3纪伯伦经典语录．Which of the following can be inferred from Justine Roberts' words?
A．Most parents' former experience about snacks is practical.
B．It is easy to tell healthy snacks and unhealthy snacks apart.
C．Children only take in lots of sugar from snacks and drinks.
D．Change4Life is meaningful for parents' decisions on snacks.
温州大学人文学院答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。根据尾段Justine Roberts所说的话“The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their decision correctly and wily”可知，来自LEN函数Change4Life的经验法则能帮助父母正确而明智地作出决定；由此可推知，Change4Life对父母在零食上作出的决定有意义，故D项正确。
4．俄日战争What is the best title for the text?
A．Solve the Health Problems of Children
B．Change the Eating Habits of Children
C．Limit Children's Intake of Calories
D．Ensure Children's Healthy Lifestyle
答案与解析：C名存实亡的意思 考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了英国卫生部门发起的名为Change4Life的活动，以限制儿童的糖摄入量，故C项最适合作文章标题。
方框打钩B
[2019·福建省质量检查] My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic (护理人员). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.
社区垃圾分类 Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and driveways becau it was my turn to do a favor back.
It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didn't realize was that Orlando had to work that day too.
Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that becau I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next clost ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Becau my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.
