UnderstandingaBudget短文
大个核桃UnderstandingtheBudgetProcess心累说说
黑龙江省大学排名
珍珠粉圆Budgetingisanongoingexerci,consistingofanumberofdistinctphas.Eachphaconsistsofaquenceofactivitiesandeachactivity,inturn,takesplaceinaspecifictimeperiod.Thephasoftheprocessfromonefiscalyearoftenoverlapphasfromotherfiscalyears.Mostfiscalyearsaretwelvemonthslong,whichisareasonablelengthoftimetoexecutethebudget.However,thereareahandfulofstateandlocalgovernmentsthatdeviatefromthispractice.Whenabudgetispreparedforexecutionoveratwo-yearperiod,asoppodtotwelvemonths,itiscalledabiennialbudget.Consideringthebudgetsizeofsomegovernments,stateaswellaslocal,thelengthofthessionforabiennialbudgetmayappearrathershorttohavealengthydiscussiononbudgetaryissuesthananannualbudget,butonecanarguethatitsavesgovernmentmoneyinadditionalcostsofmeetingeveryyear.Giventhecyclicalnatureofthebudgetaryactivities,thereisamechanicalundertonetotheprocess,butbudgetingismorethanamechanicalexerci;itisalsopoliticalinthatittakesplaceinapoliticalenvironment.Thischapterlooksatthebudgetprocessbothfromacyclicalprocessandalsofromapoliticalprocess.Interestingly,thecurrentprocesvolvedoveraperiodoftime;assuch,thechapterbeginswithabriefhistoryofbudgetdevelopment,especiallyatthefederallevel.Althoughitfocusonthefederalbudget,itsdevelopmenthasasignificanteffectonhowbudgetingisdoneatthesubnationallevel马油>竹笋怎么保存这就是幸福。
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