TEST 3
Reading Comprehension
Task 1
Passage 1
A child who has once been plead with a tale likes, as rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. 法式鹅肝的做法It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impuls. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than tho who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impuls every child has a
nd, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge ems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cas of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this aris from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their ca were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kiss in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child had ever believed that it was.
1. In the writer's opinion, a fairy tale ______.
A) cannot be read to children without variation becau they find no pleasure in it
B) will be more effective if it is adapted by parents
C) must be made easy so that children can read it on their own
D) is no longer needed in developing children's power of memory
2. According to the passage, some people who are openly against fairy tales argue that ______.
依赖的拼音A) fairy tales are harmful to children in that they show the primitive cruelty in children
B) fairy tales are harmful to children unless they have been adapted by their parent
C) fairy tales increa a tendency to sadism in children表格全选
D) children who have read fairy stories pay little attention to the study of history and mech
什么然有什么anics
3. In the writer's opinion to rid children of fears, fairy stories should be ______.
A) told only once
B) repeated many times
C) told in a realistic tting
宝收D) prented vividly
4. In the writer's opinion, fairy stories ______.
A) 几度春风have a very bad effect on children
B) have advantages in cultivating children's imaginatively
C) help children to come to terms with fears
D) harm children greatly
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5. According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true about fairy stories?
A) If children indulged his fantasies in fairy tales instead of being taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics the world should be full of madman.
B) Children can often be greatly terrified when the fairy story is heard for the first time.
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C) Fairy tales may beneficially direct children's aggressive, destructive and sadistic impuls.
D) Fairy tales are no more than stories about imaginary figures with magical powers, which has nothing to do with external world.
Passage 2
Merchant and pasnger ships are generally required to have a life prerver for every p
erson aboard and in many cas, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life prervers must be simple in design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.
Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life prerver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily t on fire.
The position in which the life prerver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious. The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and lf-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the
confud conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life prerver should be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life prerver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since this greatly affects the position of floating and the lf-righting qualities. A suitable life prerver should also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.
