七Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864
1．《七尖角阁的房子》讲述的是作者自己家族的一段历史“ The Hou of the Seven Gables” deals with the effects of a cur, and though the tale itlf is fiction, the germ of the story sprang from the author’s family history.
2．他是通过观察和聆听别人谈话来获得创作素材的，听人家讲的一些新英格兰口头故事、民间传说及各种鬼怪趣事Hawthorne gathered his material by obrving and listening to others who talk was filled with New England Lore, legend, and superstition.
3．《海关大楼》“ The Custom Hou”;
1852年的《福谷浪漫史》“The Blithedale Romance”;
1846年他完成了宏篇巨著《古厦青苔》splendid stories called “Moss from an Old Man”
1860年创作出《宝石神像》“The Marble Faun”.
1． 霍桑独特的才能主要表现在他能够通过一些极具象征意义的故事来触摸人类灵魂深处的
道德品质，最好的例证便是波士顿清教徒引以自娱的《红字》，小说的每一个字，每一幅画面和每一个事件都能够达到了一个特定的效果，它讲述了关于罪的故事，罪对不同人的影响以及有些人获得拯救的故事Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. The finest example is the recreation of Puritan Boston, “The Scarlet Letter”. In this novel each word, image, and event works toward a single effect. It is a complex story of guilt, its effects upon various persons, and how deliverance is obtained for some of them.
2． 在他的短篇小说中，他通过活生生，极有象征意味的想象来体现人类社会的一些重大道德问题his ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions appear strongly in his short stories。霍桑的杰出之处在于他能把一个故事安放在自己设置的正义标准之中来讲述，他在书中所讲的正义标准成为了当时人们的道德参考it was Hawthorne’s ability to make a story exist in its own right but at the same time appear as a moral symbol. 霍桑同埃德加·阿伦·坡并称为美国短篇小说现代艺术大师，他们都创作了独一无二的小说形式样Hawthorne shares with Edgar Allan Poe the distinction of advancing the art of the short story, giving to the form qualities that are uniquely America
n。霍桑同麦尔维尔一样都采用了讲故事的手法来探讨生活的意义 to Hawthorne and Melville, hower, the telling of a tale was a way of inquiring into the meaning of life.
3． 他的作品还有：《伊桑·布兰德》、《小伙子布朗》、《海德格博士的体验》、《野心勃勃的客人》、《巨石脸》。“Ethan Brand”; “Young Goodman Brown”; “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment”; “The Ambitious Guest”; “The Great Stone Face”.
4． 教材作品：《红字》：“The Scarlet Letter”
八、Herman Melville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔1819-1891
1．《白鲸》主要讲述了一个为追捕一只想象中的神秘白鲸的漫长海上故事，这本书达到了象征主义手法的创作高峰，这种写法强烈地吸引了现在社会的读者 “Moby Dick”, a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a emingly supernatural white whale. The book is steeped in symbolism, another strong appeal to readers of his century.
2．1846年《泰皮》出版后，他被称为“同食人族生活的人”“ Typee”, became known as the
“man who lived among cannibals” 1847年后续集《欧穆》同样大获成功“Omoo”；
1849年《雷德本》“Bedburn”;
1850年《白外衣》“White-Jacket”;
1891年《比利·伯德》“书香校园标语Billy Budd”
3．两部哲学性小说《玛地》、《皮埃尔》two other philosophical novels “Mardi”, “Pierre”. 《代笔者巴特贝》是有诗歌风味的短篇故事“Bartleby the Scrivener”. 还有两本短篇小说，即《班内托·西兰尼》和《比利·伯德》（最后一部）two celebrated short novels “Benito Cereno” and “Billy Budd”. 衣服上的油渍怎么洗掉《比利·伯德》同《白鲸》一样都运用船来象征社会，苦苦追寻和探讨了人类善与恶的问题，船就是社会的一个缩影，里面有各种各样的人物us a ship as symbol of society and archingly examines the problems of good and evil. Ahab’s ship was like a world in miniature with characters from all walks of life.
4．教材作品：《白鲸》：“Moby Dick”
九、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882
1．1833-1835创作完成散文浪漫作品《海外记游》his pro romance “Outre-Mer”;
2．在《海华沙》中，他采用芬兰民间故事写作手法追忆了美洲印第安人的传说using Finish folk meter in his celebration of American Indian Legends in “Hiawatha”.他最大的成就就是他使诗歌成为了人人都能看，都能写的一种文学体裁his greatest virtue is that he made poetry em worth reading and worth writing.
3．1838年他第一部诗集名叫《》Longfellow’s first collection of poems entitled “Voices of the Night”；
1839年浪漫散文作品《许珀里翁》出版“Hyperion” the pro romance.。
1841年《歌谣及其他》“Ballads and other Poems”;qq空间装扮
1842年《奴隶制度诗篇》“Poems on Slavery”;
1847年诗歌《伊凡吉林》“Evangeline”;
退休报告1855年《海华沙之歌》“Song of Hiawatha”;
1858年《迈克尔·斯坦狄什的求婚》“The Courtship of Miles Standish”;
戏剧作品《迈克尔·安吉洛》dramatic work “Michael Angelo”
翻译作品《神曲》翻译成就最高“Divine Comedy”.
丝瓜种植时间及技术要点
4．他的其它作品：《金星号遇难》、《人生礼赞》、《精益求精》、《乡村铁匠》、《逝去的青春》
“The Wreck of the Hesperus”; “A Psalm of Life”; “Excelsior”; “The Village Blacksmith”; “My Lost Youth”.
5．朗费罗去世后被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人之角，他也是美国惟一获此殊荣的诗人，他的诗歌因高雅宜人，纯正有韵味而大受欢迎after his death, he became the only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s corner of Westminster Abbey. The gentleness, sweetness, and purity for which his poetry was popular during his lifetime.
6．教材作品：《人生礼赞》：“A Psalm of Life”;
峨眉山一线天
《奴隶的梦》：“The Slave’s Dream”;
《逝去的青春》；“My Lost Youth”;
《海华沙之歌 海华沙的禁食》“The Song of Hiawatha Hiawatha’s Fasting”
十．Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892
1. 美国文学史上极其重要的、具有创新精神的作家之一，他的《草叶集》中系列诗歌是美国文学史上第一部真正的史诗one of the great innovators in American literature. In the cluster of poems he called “Leaves of Grass” he gave America its first genuine epic poem.晋怀公他所创造的这种诗体叫做自由诗，在这种诗歌中，没有固定的节拍，也没有有规律的韵脚，惠特曼认为传统的格律诗不适合表达民主之声the poetic style he devid is now called free ver-that is, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. Whitman thought that the voice of democracy should not be haltered by traditional forms of ver.
