1.段落解释：A paragraph is a unit of thought compod of ntences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions rve two very uful functions
2.A good paragraph is compod组成 in such a way that it has:①unity—each ntence relates to a main idea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topic ntence;②coherence—the ntences are tied each other and to the main idea,they flow smoothly;③completeness—it explores the main idea explicitly and concretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations
help3.第一个写作常识An effective paragraph has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.
4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unity is by means of the topic ntence.Properly ud,the topic ntence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish厕所里点灯
5.标题句The topic ntence 作用① the topic ntence properly ud can achieve unity in t
he paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic ntence;三年级上语文②the topic ntence is an emphatically placed,explicit statement of the central idea in a paragraph
6.第二个写作常识 怎样写好标题句 In short,a good topic ntence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic ntence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic ntence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A topic ntence that is too narrow leaves little to be said in the rest of the paragraph.
7.Coherence: 连贯 coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragr创意生日祝福aph is one in which all the ntence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step
8．第三个写作常识 Just as topic ntences help readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revi,look for the areas that em choppy or unconnected—that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,官的词语repetition,and transitional words and phras海鲜焖子
9.Completeness 内容完整性 Completeness in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means
1第四个写作常识：Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the n of oneness.
蜂蜜的功效与作用及禁忌2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer prents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which rves as his topic ntence.
3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic ntence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.
4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法)：As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first prents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance.
5第五个写作常识：Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important quences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.
6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序)路灯简笔画：In a climactic quence, the most inten or highest point of interest is saved for the final ntence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic ntence.
7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological quence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious u of a chronological quence is in telling a story.
8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序)：A spatial quence is ud in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.
9第六个写作常识：The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cau and effect, and so on.
10段落展开方式：Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cau and effect, definition, and mixed development.
