EST translation
Definition : translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the clost natural equivalent of the source-language message ,first in the terms of meeting and condly in terms of style.
Functions:--a means of cross-linguistic(跨语言) ,cross-cultural communication ;
--an instrument for transmitting culture
--a technique for improving language acquisition
--encouraging social development
Classification:1.introlingual(同一国语言类) ,interlingual （两国语言类）
无线投影仪
2.interpretation(口译) ,translation（笔译）, machine translation（机译）
3.different genres(sci-tec, literary)
4.compelete ,adapted（改译）, lective, abstract(简要)
Features :Objectivity accuracy conciness
Objectivity
✧ Passive structures (物，被动)
Eg: in such a way, a satisfactory result could be attained.
✧ Impersonal structures("it"的使用)
Eg : it took professor li 5 years to develop videophone.
✧ Single prent ten （一般现在时）
Eg: metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.热胀冷缩
Accuracy(without ambiguity)
✧ Technical terms or mi-technical terms
Eg :radar=radio for detecting and ranging雷达
✧ Eg :the machines can be easily taken into pieces(非正式) and put together again when they have been looked at. (dismantled)--正式 (asmbled)
这些机器在检测时易拆装。
东周列国故事Conciness
邮政银行贷款利率✧ Omitting (省略) and eliminating (消除)repeated and auxiliary(辅助的) words，redundancy(多余)
Eg: most metals are good conducts ,and silver is the best metal that conducts electricity
Most metals are good conducts ,among which silver is the best.
=猴子英语怎么说of most metals that are good conducts, silver is ...
=Most metals are good conducts, silver being上大学的祝福语 ...
✧ Using phras to replace claus(分句)
Eg : if properly lubricated ,the machine will run smoothly. (if it is properly lubricated )
=with properly lubricated ,.....
It is necessary to examine the accuracy of the result. (weather the result is accurate)
✧ Using noun modifiers(名词修饰词)
Power cable 电缆 steel bar钢棒 welding bar焊条 metal surface 金属表面
Traffic congestion 交通堵塞 peak hour 高峰期
✧ Using participle phra or adverbial phra as pre-modifier(前置定语)
Eg: there is a conveniently situated railway station .(which is situated in a convenient place)
Door-to-door convey送货上门 in-class composition 课堂考试
character:
a. Sequence and anti-quence
Common business oriented language (商业通用语言)
Buffered input/output channel(输入输出缓冲通道)
Dedicated microprocessor system(微处理器专用系统)
Decision tree classifier(树形判定分类法)
林逋怎么读Shorted diode fault(二极管短路故障)
Dot-character nonimpact printing technique(非打击式点阵印刷技术)
b. Analogy and alternation/flexibility
Molten lava 熔岩 molten steel钢水 melted snow融雪
白菜猪肉Steel sheet 钢片 steel shape 型钢
Field survey 野外测量 field exertion 工地架设
Chromatic aberration色散 spherical aberration 球面像差
Milling lathe 铣（xi）床 boring lathe 镗（tang）床
v-steel V-型钢 I-steel I-型钢
sphere球 mi-sphere半球
c. Monomy and conciness mono-“单一的” mi-“半个” mi-final 半决赛
【数控】 Numerical control 数值控制 digital control 数字控制
Gradual scale 刻度 quartzmineral 石英
Track 轨道，跟踪（航天技术），跑道（dirt track-煤渣跑道）
手工制作包包
d. Chine speciality
Dream team 梦之队 dream combination 梦幻组合
Bistable circuit 双稳电路 dog clutch 爪形离合器
Rubber-metal spring 橡胶-金属夹心弹簧
e. Transliteration and free-translation
Diamond 戴梦得（钻石）
Waterloo bridge 魂断蓝桥 gone with the wind 乱世佳人
Hormone(荷尔蒙)激素 combine (康拜恩)联合收割机
f. Motivationess /reasonableness
Fireproof 防火材料 hot air 热空气
Lar（light amplification stimulated by emission of radiation ）激光
Hi-rail track evaluation car 公铁两用轨道检查车 lucite 人造荧光树脂
g. Static analysis and mantic analysis
Obesity expert 肥胖病专家 obe expert胖专家
Efficiency expert研究提高工作效率的专家 efficient expert工作效率高的专家
h. Stability and productivity
Synchronous even pressure temping system 同步稳压捣固系统
Non-synchronous even pressure temping system 异步稳压捣固系统
Car-level platform 高站台 rail-level platform 低站台
Produce product产品
Production生产过程
The produced item生产的产品
Railway 铁道，铁路，铁路局，铁路医院
i.Systematization and language correctness
medium-sized bridge 中型桥梁 extra-long bridge 特大型桥梁
j． motivationess and accurancy
up-down train 上下行列车 cut-and-cover明挖法
principle of translation: faithfulness(信), expressiveness（达） ,elegance（雅）
