'Twenty-One Demands' Made by Japan to China（日本对华“二十一条”，1915.1.18）
GROUP IThe Japane Government and the Chine Government, being desirous to maintain the general peace in the Far East and to strengthen the relations of amity and good neighbourhood existing between the two countries, agree to the following articles:
Article 1
The Chine Government engage to give full asnt to all matters that the Japane Government may hereafter agree with the German Government respecting the disposition of all the rights, interests and concessions, which, in virtue of treaties or otherwi, Germany posss vis-à-vis China in relation to the province of Shantung. Article 2
The Chine Government engage that, within the province of Shantung or along its coast, no territory or island will be ceded or lead to any other Power, under any pretext whatever.
Article 3
The Chine Government agree to Japan's building a railway connecting Chefoo or Lungkow with the Kiaochou Tsinanfu Railway.
Article 4
The Chine Government engage to open of their own accord, as soon as possible, certain important cities and towns in the Province of Shantung for the residence and commerce of foreigners. The places to be so opened shall be decided upon in a parate agreement. GROUP II
The Japane Government and the Chine Government, in view of the fact that the Chine Government has always recognized the predominant position of Japan in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, agree to the following articles: Article 1
The two contracting Parties mutually agree that the term of the lea of Port Arthur and Dairen and the term respecting the South Manchuria Railway and the Antung-Mukden Railway shall be extended to a further period of 99 years respectively. Article 2
The Japane subjects shall be permitted in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia to lea or own land required either for erecting buildings for various commercial and industrial us or for farming.
Article 3
The Japane subjects shall have liberty to enter, reside, and travel in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, and to carry on business of various kinds commercial, industrial, and otherwi.
Article 4
The Chine Government grant to the Japane subjects the right of mining in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia. As regards the mines to be worked, they shall be decided upon in a parate agreement.
Article 5 康定旅游
The Chine Government agree that the connt of the Japane Government shall be obtained in advance:
(1) whenever it is propod to grant to other nationals the right of constructing a railwa
y or to obtain from other nationals the supply of funds for constructing a railway in South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, and (2) whenever a loan is to be made with any other Power, under curity of the taxes of South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia.
Article 6
The Chine Government engage that whenever the Chine Government need the rvice of political, financial, or military advirs or instructors in South Manchuria or in Eastern Inner Mongolia, Japan shall first be consulted.
Article 7
The Chine Government agree that the control and management of the Kirin-Chungchun Railway shall be hand- ed over to Japan for a term of 99 years dating from the signing of this treaty.
GROUP III
The Japane Government and the Chine Government, having regard to the clo relations existing between Japane capitalists and the Han-Yeh-Ping Company and desi
ring to promote the common interests of the two nations, agree to the following articles: Article 1
The two Contracting Parties mutually agree that when the opportune moment arrives the Han-Yeh-Ping Company shall be made a joint concern of the two nations, and that, without the connt of the Japane Government, the Chine Government shall not dispo or permit the Company to dispo of any right or property of the Company. Article 2
The Chine Government engage that, as a necessary measure for protection of the invested interests of Japane capitalists, no mines in the neighbourhood of tho owned by the Han-Yeh-Ping Company shall be permitted, without the connt of the said Company, to be worked by anyone other than the Said Company; and further that whenever it is propod to take any other measure which may likely affect the interests of the said Company directly or indirectly, the connt of the said Company shall first be obtained. GROUP IV
The Japane Government and the Chine Government, with the object of effectively
prerving the territorial integrity of China, agree to the following article: The Chine Government engage not to cede or lea to any other Power any harbour or bay on or any island along the coast of China.
GROUP V
Article 1
印迹 The Chine Central Government to engage influential Japane as political, financial, and military advirs;
Article 2
脚夫 The Chine Government to grant the Japane hospitals, temples, and schools in the interior of China the right to own land;
Article 3
In the face of many police disputes which have hitherto arin between Japan and China, causing no little annoyance the police in localities (in China), where such arrangement: are necessary, to be placed under joint Japane and Chine administration, or Japane to be employed in police office in such localities, so as to hel
p at the same time the improvement of the Chine Police Service;
Article 4
China to obtain from Japan supply of a certain quantity of arms, or to establish an arnal in China under joint Japane and Chine management and to be supplied with experts and materials from Japan;
Article 5
In order to help the development of the Nanchang-Kiukiang Railway, with which Japane capitalists are so cloly identified, and with due regard to the negotiations which have been pending between Japan and China in relation to the railway question in South China, China to agree to give to Japan the right of constructing a railway to connect Wuchang with the Kiukiang-Nanchang and Hangchou and between Nanchang and Chaochou; Article 6
In view of the relations between the Province of Fukien and Formosa and of the agreement respecting the non-alienation of that province, Japan to be consulted first when- ever foreign capital is needed in connection with the railways, mines, and harbour
works (including dockyards) in the Province of Fukien;
Article 7 销售周总结
China to grant to Japane subjects the right of preaching in China.
Japane Ultimatum to China, 7 May 1915The reason why the Imperial Government opened the prent negotiations with the Chine Government is first to endeavour to dispo of the complications arising out of the war between Japan and China, and condly to attempt to solve tho various questions which are detrimental to the intimate relations of China and Japan with a view to solidifying the foundation of cordial friendship subsisting between the two countries to the end that the peace of the Far East may be effectually and permanently prerved.
With this object in view, definite proposals were prented to the Chine Government in January of this year, and up to today as many as twenty-five conferences have been held with the Chine Government in perfect sincerity and frankness.In the cour of negotiations the Imperial Government have consistently explained the aims and objects of the proposals in a conciliatory spirit, while on the other hand the proposals of the Chine
Government, whether important or unimportant, have been attended to without any rerve.
It may be stated with confidence that no effort has been spared to arrive at a satisfactory and amicable ttlement of tho questions.
The discussion of the entire corpus of the proposals was practically at an end at the twenty-fourth conference; that is on the 17th of the last month.The Imperial Government, taking a broad view of the negotiation and in consideration of the points raid by the Chine Government, modified the original proposals with considerable concessions and prented to the Chine Government on the 26th of the same month the revid proposals for agreement, and at the same time it was offered that, on the acceptance of the revid proposals, the Imperial Government would, at a suitable opportunity, restore, with fair and proper conditions, to the Chine Government the Kiaochow territory, in the acquisition of which the Imperial Government had made a great sacrifice.On the first of May, the Chine Government delivered the reply to the revid proposals of the Japane Government, which is contrary to the expectations of the Imperial Government.
The Chine Government not only did not give a careful consideration to the revid proposals but even with regard to the offer of the Japane Government to restore Kiaochow to the Chine Government the latter did not manifest the least appreciation for Japan's good will and difficulties.From the commercial and military point of view Kiaochow is an important place, in the acquisition of which the Japane Empire sacrificed much blood and money, and, after the acquisition the Empire incurs no obligation to restore it to China.But with the object of increasing the future friendly relations of the two countries, they went to the extent of proposing its restoration, yet to her great regret, the Chine Government did not take into consideration the good intention of Japan and manifest appreciation of her difficulties. Furthermore, the Chine Government not only ignored the friendly feelings of the Imperial Government in offering the restoration of Kiaochow Bay, but also in replying to the revid proposals they even demanded its unconditional restoration; and again China demanded that Japan should bear the responsibility of paying indemnity for all the unavoidable loss and damages resulting from Japan's military operations at Kiaochow; and still further in conne
ction with the territory of Kiaochow China advanced other demands and declared that she has the right of participation at the future peace conference to be held between Japan and Germany.
Although China is fully aware that the unconditional restoration of Kiaochow and Japan's responsibility of indemnification for the unavoidable loss and damages can never be tolerated by Japan, yet she purpoly advanced the demands and declared that this reply was final and decisive.Since Japan could not tolerate such demands the ttlement of the other questions, however compromising it may be, would not be to her interest. The conquence is that the prent reply of the Chine Government is, on the whole, vague and meaningless.
Furthermore, in the reply of the Chine Government to the other proposals in the revid list of the Imperial Government, such as South Manchuria and Eastern Inner Mongolia, where Japan particularly has geographical, commercial, industrial and strategic relations, as recognized by all nations, and made more remarkable in conquence of the two wars in which Japan was engaged, the Chine Government overlooks the facts a
浊的反义词nd does not respect Japan's position in that place.
The Chine Government even freely altered tho articles which the Imperial Government, in a compromising spirit, have formulated in accordance with the statement of the Chine Reprentatives, thereby making the statements of the Reprentatives an empty talk; and on eing them conceding with the one hand and withholding with the other it is very difficult to attribute faithfulness and sincerity to the Chine authorities. As regards the articles relating to the employment of advirs, the establishment of schools and hospitals, the supply of arms and ammunition and the establishment of arnals and railway concessions in South China in the revid proposals, they were either propod with the proviso that the connt of the Power concerned must be obtained, or they are merely to be recorded in the minutes in accordance with the statements of the Chine delegates, and thus they are not in the least in conflict either with Chine sovereignty or her treaties with the Foreign Powers, yet the Chine Government in their reply to the proposals, alleging that the proposals are incompatible with their sovereign rights and treaties with Foreign Powers, defeat the expectations of th
e Imperial Government.
However, in spite of such attitude of the Chine Government, the Imperial Government, though regretting to e that there is no room for further negotiations, yet warmly attached to the prervation of the peace of the Far East, is still hoping for a satisfactory ttlement in order to avoid the disturbance of the relations.
So in spite of the circumstances which admitted no patience, they have reconsidered the feelings of the Government of their neighbouring country and, with the exception of the article relating to Fukien which is to be the subject of an exchange of notes as has already been agreed upon by the Reprentatives of both nations, will undertake to detach the Group V from the prent negotiations and discuss it parately in the future. Therefore, the Chine Government should appreciate the friendly feelings of the Imperial Government by immediately accepting without any alteration all the articles of Groups I, II, III, and IV and the exchange of notes in connection with Fukien province in Group V as contained in the revid proposals prented on the 26th of April.The Imperial Government hereby again offer their advice and hope that the Chine Governm
ent, upon this advice, will give a satisfactory reply by 6 o'clock P.M. on the 9th day of May. It is hereby declared that if no satisfactory reply is received before or at the specified time, the Imperial Government will take steps they may deem necessary. Explanatory Note
Accompanying Ultimatum delivered to the Minister of Foreign Affairs by the Japane Minister, May 7th, 1915.
1. With the exception of the question of Fukien to be arranged by an exchange of notes, the five articles postponed for later negotiation refer to (a) the employment of advirs, (b) the establishment of schools and hospitals, (c) the railway concessions in South China, (d) the supply of arms and ammunition and the establishment of arnals and (e) right of missionary propaganda.
2. The acceptance by the Chine Government of the article relating to Fukien may be either in the form as propod by the Japane Minister on the 26th of April or in that contained in the Reply of the Chine Government of May 1st. Although the Ultimatum calls for the immediate acceptance by China of the modified proposals prented on April
申论格式26th, without alteration, but it should be noted that it merely states the principle and does not apply to this article and articles 4 and 5 of this note.
3. If the Chine Government accept all the articles as demanded in the Ultimatum the offer of the Japane Government to restore Kiaochow to China, made on the 26th of April, will still hold good.
4. Article 2 of Group II relating to the lea or purcha of land, the terms "lea" and "purcha" may be replaced by the terms "temporary lea" and "perpetual lea" or "lea on consultation," which means a long-term lea with its unconditional renewal. Article IV of Group II relating to the approval of police laws and ordinances and local taxes by the Japane Council may form the subject of a cret agreement.
5. The phra "to consult with the Japane Government" in connection with questions of pledging the local taxes for raising loans and the loans for the construction of railways, in Eastern Inner Mongolia, which is similar to the agreement in Manchuria relating to the matters of the same kind, may be replaced by the phra "to consult with the Japane capitalists."
The article relating to the opening of trade marts in Eastern Inner Mongolia in respect to location and regulations, may, following their precedent t in Shantung, be the subject of an exchange of notes.6. From the phra "tho interested in the Company" in Group III of the revid list of demands, the words "tho interested in" may be deleted.
7. The Japane version of the Formal Agreement and its annexes shall be the official text or both the Chine and Japane shall be the official texts.Chine Reply to Japane Ultimatum, 8 May 1915
糖醋丸子音量调节 On the 7th of this month, at three o'clock P.M., the Chine Government received an Ultimatum from the Japane Government together with an Explanatory Note of ven articles.
The Ultimatum concluded with the hope that the Chine Government by six o'clock P.M. on the 9th of May will give a satisfactory reply, and it is hereby declared that if no satisfactory reply is received before or at the specified time, the Japane Government will take steps she may deem necessary.
The Chine Government with a view to prerving the peace of the Far East hereby a
ccepts, with the exception of tho five articles of Group V postponed for later negotiations, all the articles of Groups I, II, III, and IV and the exchange of notes in connection with Fukien Province in Group V as contained in the revid proposals prented on the 26th of April, and in accordance with the Explanatory Note of ven articles accompanying the Ultimatum of the Japane Government with the hope that thereby all the outstanding questions are ttled, so that the cordial relationship between the two countries may be further consolidated.The Japane Minister is hereby requested to appoint a day to call at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to make the literary improvement of the text and sign the Agreement as soon as possible.
