Lithium Battery Guidance
Document
Transport of Lithium Metal and Lithium Ion Batteries
Revid for the 2015 Regulations
Introduction
This document is bad on the provisions t out in the 2015-2016 Edition of the ICAO Technical Instruction for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and the 56th Edition of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR).
The purpo of this document is to provide guidance for complying with provisions applicable to the transport by air of lithium batteries as t out in the DGR. Specifically the document provides information on:
•
Definitions; •
Classification (including classification flowcharts); •
Transport Conditions •
Exceptions; •
Special Provisions; •
Prohibitions; •
Pasnger Provisions; and •
Frequently Asked Questions
Definitions
蒜水怎么做Lithium Battery – The term “lithium battery” refers to a family of batteries with different chemistries, comprising many types of cathodes and electrolytes. For the purpos of the DGR they are parated into:
Lithium metal batteries. Are generally primary (non-rechargeable) batteries that have lithium metal or lithium compounds as an anode. Lithium metal batteries are generally ud to power devices such as watches, calculators, cameras, temperature data loggers.
Note:
As of 1 January 2015 lithium metal batteries packed by themlves (not contained in
or packed with equipment) are forbidden for transport as cargo on pasnger
aircraft).
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Figure 1 - Example of Lithium Metal Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries (sometimes abbreviated Li-ion batteries) are a type of
condary (rechargeable) battery commonly ud in consumer electronics. Also
included within the category of lithium-ion batteries are lithium polymer batteries.
Lithium-ion batteries are generally found in mobile telephones, laptop computers, etc. Array Figure 2 - Example of a Lithium Ion Battery
The technical definition of a battery and cell, as indicated in the UN Manual of Tests
and Criteria, is as follows:
“Battery” means two or more cells which are electrically connected together and fitted with devices necessary for u, for example, ca, terminals, marking and protective devices. A single cell lithium battery is considered a "cell" and must be tested according to the testing requirements for "cells" for the purpos of the Regulations and the provisions of subction 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (e also the definition for "cell").
Note:
Units that are commonly referred to as “battery packs”, “modules” or “battery asmblies” having the primary function of providing a source of power to another piece of equipment are for the purpos of the Regulations and the provisions of Subction 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria treated as batteries. “Cell” means a single encad electrochemical unit (one positive and one negative electrode) which exhibits a voltage differential across its two terminals. Under the Regulations and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, to the extent the encad electrochemical unit meets the definition of “cell” herein, it is a “cell”, not a “battery”, regardless of whether the unit is termed a “battery” or a “single cell battery” outside of the Regulations and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria
Button cell or battery means a round small cell or battery when the overall height is less than the diameter.
Classification (DGR 3.9.2.6)
Lithium batteries are classified in Class 9 – Miscellaneous dangerous goods as: •UN 3090, Lithium metal batteries; and
•UN 3480, Lithium ion batteries
笔记本电脑屏幕or, if inside a piece of equipment or packed parately with a piece of equipment as: •UN 3091, Lithium metal batteries contained in equipment; or
•UN 3091, Lithium metal batteries packed with equipment; and
•UN 3481, Lithium ion batteries contained in equipment; or
•UN 3481, Lithium ion batteries packed with equipment.
In the abnce of exceptions, the batteries must be shipped in quantities that comply with the limit
ations contained in the DGR (e DGR Table 4.2 and the applicable packing instruction). They must be contained in a UN specification packaging as prescribed by the applicable packing instruction in the DGR. A completed package must display a Class 9 hazard label in addition to markings that identify the applicable proper shipping name and UN number. A shipper must document the shipment using a Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods. Beginning 1 Jan 2013 the classification criteria for lithium batteries stipulates that cells and batteries must be manufactured under a quality management program. DGR 3.9.2.6 (LBSG 3.3.2) includes the elements that must be included in such a program.
Transport Conditions
The following information is a summary of the conditions that apply to various sizes of batteries for air transport. More details on the exceptions are found in the next ction of this document.
1. Section I / IA Packing Instructions 965 – 970
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Lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries (PI 965 & PI 968, Section IA and PI 966, PI 967, PI 969 & PI 970, Section I) are subject to all of the applicable
requirements in the DGR. The requirements are as follows:
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(a) dangerous goods training (DGR 1.5);
(b) limitations on consolidations (DGR 1.3.3 and 9.1.8);
(c) classification (DGR 3.9.2.6);
(d) limits on the net quantity of lithium batteries per package (DGR 4.2 and
applicable packing instruction);
(e) UN specification packaging (applicable packing instruction, e also DGR
Section 6);
Note: UN specification packaging does not apply to PI 967 and PI 970.
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(f) marking and labelling of packages (DGR Section 7)
Note: packages must not bear the lithium battery handling label., Packages
must only bear the Class 9 hazard label and Cargo Aircraft Only label, when
applicable. If packages are asmbled into an overpack the requirements for
overpacks in DGR 7.1.7 and 7.2.7 apply;
(g) Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods (DGR Section 8);
2. Section IB - Packing Instructions 965 & 968
Lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries that meet the Watt-hour or lithium content limits t out in Section II of PI 965 and PI 968 respectively, but that
exceed the weight or quantity limits t out in Table 956-II or Table 968-II are
subject to all of the applicable requirements in the DGR except for the
requirements for UN specification packagings.
The requirements applicable are as follows:
(a) dangerous goods training (DGR 1.5);
(b) limitations on consolidations for lithium metal batteries (DGR 1.3.3 and 9.1.8);
(c) classification (DGR 3.9.2.6);
(d) limits on the total weight per package (applicable packing instruction);
(e) strong outer packagings (e Section IB of applicable packing instruction);
(f) marking and labelling of packages (DGR Section 7)
Note: packages must bear both the lithium battery handling label and the
Class 9 hazard label and Cargo Aircraft Only label, when applicable. If
packages are asmbled into an overpack the requirements for overpacks in
DGR 7.1.7 and 7.2.7 apply;
(g) Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods (Section IB of PI 965 or PI 968);
Note 1: “IB” must be added to the DGD following the packing instruction
number. This can be done either with the PI number, e.g. 965 IB, or as
shown in Dangerous Goods Regulations Figure 8.1.P, in the authorisations
column. Refer to Section 8 of the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations for full details.
Note 2: if packages of Section IB are consolidated with other cargo, the
provisions of DGR 1.3.3.3 and 1.3.3.6 apply. If packages are asmbled into
an overpack the requirements for overpacks in DGR 8.1.6.9.3, Step 7 apply.
3. Section II - Packing Instructions 965 – 970
“Small” lithium ion and lithium metal cells and batteries that meet the Watt-hour or lithium content limits t out in Section II of PI 965 to PI 970 are only subject to certain parts of the DGR when shipped as cargo. The bulk of the requirements for the small lithium batteries are contained within the General Requirements at the start of each packing instruction which apply to all lithium batteries and then the specific requirements t out in Section II of each packing instruction, which are as follows:
(a) classification (DGR 3.9.2.6);
(b) limitations on consolidations for lithium metal batteries in PI968 only (DGR
1.3.3 and 9.1.8);
(c) limits on the quantity of lithium cells or batteries per package (Table II of the
applicable packing instruction);
(d) strong outer packagings (e Section II of applicable packing instruction);
(e) marking and labelling of packages (Additional Requirements of Section II of
the applicable packing instruction);
(f) the details of the consignment must be described (Additional Requirements of
Section II of the applicable packing instruction).
Exceptions
Small lithium metal and lithium ion batteries are not subject to all of the provisions of the DGR provid
ed that they comply with all of the requirements t out in Section II of Packing Instructions 965, 966 and 967 for lithium ion batteries and Section II of Packing Instructions 968, 969 and 970 for lithium metal batteries in the 56th Edition of the IATA DGR.
Packages containing lithium batteries, or lithium batteries contained in, or packed with, equipment that meet the provisions of Section II of the packing instructions are not required to have a Class 9 hazard label and there is no requirement for a Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods for consignments of the batteries. However, in the event of an incident involving the batteries, the incident reporting requirements apply.
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Note:
Only batteries that have successfully pasd the test procedures of Part III, Sub-Section 38.3 of the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria qualify under this exception. This is also true for so-called “OEM” or “aftermarket” batteries. Any battery manufacturer or distributor should be able to provide documentation confirming that the batteries have been so tested.
