摘要
摘要
职业紧张问题日益突出，已成为一个亟待解决的全球性健康问题。随着生物-心理-社会医学模式得到大众的共识，识别和评价职业紧张所带来的心身影响显得十分有重要和迫切。目前国内职业紧张测量研究的大多数工具以翻译和修订国外的为主，已不能充分客观地识别和评价我国的职业紧张现状。因此，为了推动国内职业紧张的研究更加深入、有效地进行，本研究对职业紧张理论进行研究，编制一份针对于中国职业人群、简短而有效的中国职业紧张反应量表（China Occupational Strain Scale，COSS）。
首先采用文献回顾法，查阅了大量国内外相关文献资料和经典量表并对其进行总结和评价；其次通过半结构式访谈，对15名在职人员进行访谈，并在这个过程中对职业紧张反应典型评价指标进行收集；然后通过两轮专家函询，根据专家的反馈意见对指标进行筛选和修改；最后选取50名在职人员进行人群预调查，对被试者难以理解、理解不一致的条目进行修改，并调整条目的顺序，形成18个条目的预测量表。在四川省内5座城市的10所特定单位抽取2191名在职人员进行施测，随机分为两部分，样本1（n=1096）采用探索性因素分析等方法筛选条目；样本2（n=1095）用于信、效度检验。2周后，在其中选取150名在职人员进行重测以检验重测信度。
本研究结果显示，正式量表共15个条目，包括认知行为紧张反应（Cognitive Behavioral Strain，CBS）
3个条目、心理紧张反应（Psychological Strain，Psy S）7个条目、躯体紧张反应（Physical Strain，Phy S）5个条目。Cronbach'α系数分别为COSS 0.935、CBS 0.789、Psy S 0.923、Phy S 0.864；分半信度系数分别为COSS 0.863、CBS 0.766、Psy S 0.898、Phy S 0.855；重测信度系数分别为COSS 0.772、CBS 0.762、Psy S 0.800、Phy S 0.791，即量表的同质性信度比较理想。验证性因素分析结果显示模型与数据的适配性良好，为结构效度提供有力支撑。总量表及各分量表得分和GAD-7、PHQ-9量表得分均呈正相关（r=0.544~0.826，P<0.01），量表在测量相似心理特性方面存在中等偏高的相关，说明其测验分数具有可靠性。综上，本研究利用标准心理测量学方法编制了COSS量表，并且其具有良好的信效度，为中国职业紧张反应的测量提供了统一、简便、实用、高效率的工具，使我国职业紧张的研究更加深入、规范。
关键词：职业紧张，职业人群，信度，效度
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ABSTRACT
The problem of occupational stress has become very rious and an urgent global health problem. As the bio-psycho-social medical model has been recognized by the public, it is very important and urgent to identify and evaluate the psychosomatic effects of occupational stress. At prent, most of
the scales of occupational stress in China are mainly bad on translated and revid foreign ones, which can no longer identify and evaluate the current situation of occupational stress in China objectively. Therefore, in order to promote the domestic occupational stress rearch to be carried out more deeply and effectively, this study was designed to develop a short and effective occupational strain scale for Chine occupational population on the basis of occupational stress theory.
First of all, using the literature method, we consulted and summarized a large number of relevant literature and classical scales at home and abroad. Secondly, through mi-structured interviews, 15 on-the-job staff were interviewed and the typical evaluation indicators of occupational strain were collected. Through two rounds of expert consultation, the indicators were screened and modified according to the opinions of experts. Finally, 50 employees were lected for pre-survey. It was conducted to modify the items that were difficult to understand and inconsistent to understand. And then, we adjusted the order of items to form a predictive scale with a total of 18 items. 2191 employees were lected from 10 specific units in 5 cities in SiChuan Province and randomly divided into two parts. Sample 1 was ud to screen items by exploratory factor analysis, and sample 2 was ud to test reliability and validity. Two weeks later, 150 employees were lected from the total sample for retesting .
The results of this study showed that the formal scale included three dimensions: cognitive behavioral, psychological and physical strain, which were compod of 3, 7, 5 items respectively, with a total of 15 items. The Cronbach α coefficient were 0.935 for the total scale, and 0.789~0.923 for the 3 subscales. The split-half reliability coefficient were 0.863 for the total scale, and 0.766~0.898 for the 3 subscales. The test-retest reliability were 0.772 for the total scale, and 0.762~0.800 for the 3 subscales, which indicated that the scale had good consistency. The results of confirmatory factors analysis showed that the model fitted well with the data, and each fitting index reached
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the standard. The scores of the total scale and each subscale and the scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were positively correlated (r=0.544~0.826,P<0.01). There was a moderately high correlation in the measurement of similar psychological characteristics, indicating that the test score was reliable.
In summary, this study developed the China occupational strain scale by using standard psychometric methods, and verified its reliability and validity were good. It provided a unified, simple, practical and efficient tool for the study of occupational strain in China, and made the study of occupational stress in China more in-depth and standardized.
Keywords: occupational stress, occupational population, reliability, validity
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目录
第一章绪论 (1)
1.1 研究背景 (1)
1.2 国内外研究现状 (2)
1.2.1 职业紧张现状 (2)
1.2.2 职业紧张模型现状 (3)
1.2.3 职业紧张测量现状 (6)
1.2.4 职业紧张常用测量工具 (8)
1.3 研究内容 (10)
陶土色大便
1.4 研究流程 (10)瀑布怎么画
1.5 研究的目的与意义 (11)
第二章中国职业紧张反应预测量表的形成 (12)
2.1 研究方法 (12)
2.2 文献资料汇总 (13)
2.2.1 职业紧张相关文献总结 (13)
2.2.2 职业紧张相关量表总结 (14)
2.3 半结构式访谈 (14)
2.3.1 目的 (14)
2.3.2 访谈前的准备 (14)
2.3.3 访谈的过程 (14)
孜然鸡丁
2.3.4 访谈的结果 (15)
脑干损伤
2.3.5 形成量表条目池 (16)
2.3.6 条目答案的量化程度 (16)
2.4 德尔菲专家函询法 (16)
2.4.1 函询专家的纳入 (16)
2.4.2 专家函询表 (16)
2.4.3 统计分析方法 (17)
2.4.4 第一轮专家函询 (18)
2.4.5 第二轮专家函询 (20)
2.5 人群预调查 (23)
2.5.1 调查对象 (23)
IV
2.5.2 调查工具 (23)
2.5.3 调查方法 (23)
2.5.4 调查结果 (23)
2.6 中国职业紧张反应预测量表的形成 (24)
2.7 本章小结 (24)
第三章中国职业紧张反应正式量表的形成及信效度检验 (25)
3.1 中国职业紧张反应正式量表的形成 (25)
3.1.1 调查对象的纳入与排除标准 (25)
3.1.2 调查样本量估计 (25)
3.1.3 调查工具 (26)
3.1.4 调查方法 (26)
3.1.5 项目分析 (27)
3.1.6 探索性因素分析 (28)
goo怎么读3.2 量表的信度检验 (31)
3.2.1 内部一致性信度 (32)
3.2.2 重测信度 (32)
3.3 量表的效度检验 (33)
3.3.1 内容效度 (33)
3.3.2 构念效度 (34)
3.3.3 效标关联效度 (35)
3.4 正式量表的形成及信效度检验结果 (36)
戳指
3.5 本章小结 (36)
第四章全文总结与展望 (37)
4.1 全文总结 (37)
婴儿流清鼻涕
4.2 后续工作展望 (38)
致谢 (40)
参考文献 (41)
油炸土豆饼附录 (46)
攻读硕士学位期间取得的成果 (49)
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