Confucius
丙寅时
Confucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and courtesy name Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (prent-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC).
奇淫技巧A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism
the first figure in Chine history to initiate private education
trained 3,000 disciples
The Analects
宋朝宰相赵普：“臣平生所知，诚不出此，昔以其半辅太祖（赵匡胤）定天下，今欲以其半辅陛下（赵匡义）致太平
“It’s true that my knowledge goes no further than The Analects牛牛怎么玩的. I relied on one half of it constantly in assisting Emperor Taizu to conquer and stablilize the country; I can now u t
he other half to help Your Majesty cure peace and harmony under heaven
从宋朝以来，它和《大学》《中庸》《孟子》合称为“四书”，成为封建时代读书人的必读书。
The Great Learning The Doctrine of the Mean The Analects The Works of Mencius
Confucius’ Thoughts
Confucius on Heaven: the Source of Everything
Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four asons and the growth of all living things 天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉
Heaven=nature ≠ a lifeless mechanism parate from humans
is the great world of life and the process of creation of life
Human life was part of nature as a whole
Confucius required people to hold Heaven in awe
a person of virtue must “李贤良respect his heavenly mission（畏天命）," listen to the purpo of Heaven by caring for and improving life
He who offends against Heaven has none to whom he can pray 获罪于天，无所祷也南宁加勒比水世界
Confucian respect for and belief in Heaven reprented a form of religious spiritualism of the ancient Chine
Confucius on People
煲冬瓜
Ren （仁） and li （礼） are the two core concepts of Confucius' doctrine about people
What is benevolence?
仁者爱人 Benevolence is love for our fellow human
regarded "filial piety and fraternal duty" as the esnce of Ren 孝悌”是“仁之本”
The greatest love for people is the love of one's parents 仁者，人也，亲亲为大
Children should not travel far while their parents are alive 父母在，不远游
父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧
Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents
How to become benevolent?
忠恕之道”
忠: “己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人”
One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as onelf. While fulfilling one's desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well
恕: “己所不欲，勿施于人
Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you
Li, Rituals
Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life
Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, becau they aro from human feelings
娇生"A child should not leave his parents' bosom until he is three years old 子生三年，然后免于父母之怀
The ritual of wearing mourning for a decead parent for three years was an expression of the child's love and remembrance
Confucius placed emphasis on li with the aim of prerving social order, stability and harmony
The role of li is to maintain harmony among people 礼之用，和为贵
孔子思想体系的核心core是什么？ “仁”明的反义词和“礼”
何为“仁”benevolence？具体表现是什么？ “仁者爱人”Benevolence is love for our fellow human
如何做到“仁”? “忠恕”之道：“已所不欲，勿施于人 Don’t impo on others what you will not impo on yourlf
“仁”反映在政治行为中是：“为政以德
Confucius On Education
general principles of education: 志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺
Confucius regarded “lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the "six arts" as the general principles of education
virtue was the most important
Six arts refer to ritual, music, archery, (carriage) driving, calligraphy, and mathematics
礼、乐、射、御、书、数
To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that not after all a pleasure
学而时习之，不亦说乎
The Master said, he who by reanimating the Old can gain the knowledge of the New is fit to be a teacher
温故而知新，可以为师矣
He who learns but does not think, is lost. He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger
学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆
That friends should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful? To remain unsoured even though one’s merits are unrecognized by others, is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎
Only when the year grows cold do we e that the pine and cypress are the last to fade
岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也
In the prence of a good man, think all the time how you many learn to equal him. In the prence of a bad man, turn your gaze within
