TOEFL托福阅读理解真题
为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1
It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What caus extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact caus of a species death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cau problems for a species requiring the resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.
The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analys have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction
occurred 65 million years ago with the demi of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died, mass extinctions can be caud by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worned by the clo interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.
One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more inten every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to interction of the Earths orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some rearchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a quence of esntially random e
vents.
条码扫描 1. The word it in line 3 refers to
(A) environment
(B) species
(C) extinction
(D) 99 percent
2. The word ultimately in line 8 is clost in meaning to
(A) exceptionally
(B) dramatically
(C) eventually
(D) unfortunately
3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earths history
(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.
(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.
(C) They have caud rapid change in the environment.
(D) They are no longer in existence.
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecological
change?
(A) Temperature changes
(B) Availability of food resources
(C) Introduction of new species
(D) Competition among species
5. The word demi in line 12 is clost in meaning to
(A) change
(B) recovery
(C) help
(D) death
6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?
(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.
(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.
(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and tho that live in the
ocean.
(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct. 儿童肠痉挛
华为解锁 7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that
(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earths history.
(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive
(C) There has been only one mass extinction in Earths history.
(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.
8. The word finding in line 20 is clost in meaning to
(A) published information
(B) rearch method
(C) ongoing experiment
(D) scientific discovery
9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?
(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.
(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
(C) The theory is no longer riously considered.
(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species survival?
(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.
(B) It may depend on chance events.
(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species
(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.
11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred
(A) 26 million years ago
(B) 65 million years ago
(C) 225 million years ago
(D) 250 million years ago
PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C
托福阅读真题2
Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first Mesopotamian inventors of writing may have been a people the later Babylonians called Subarians. According to tradition, they came from the north and moved into Uruk in the south. By about 3100 B.C., they were apparently subjugated in southern Mesopotamia by the Sumerians, who name became synonymous with the region immediately north of the Persian Gulf, in the fertile lower valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. Here the Sumerians were already well established by the year 3000 B.C. They had invented bronze, an alloy that could be cast in molds, out of which they made tools and weapons. They lived in cities, and they had begun to acquire and u capital. Perhaps most important, the Sumerians adapted writing (probably from the Subarians) into a flexible tool of communication.
Archaeologists have known about the Sumerians for over 150 years. Archaeologists working at Nineveh in northern Mesopotamia in the mid-nineteenth century found many inscribed clay tablets. Some they could decipher becau the language was a Semitic one (Akkadian), on which scholars had already been working for a generation. But other tablets were inscribed in another language that was not Semitic and previously unknown. Becau the inscriptions made reference to the king of Sumer and Akkad, a scholar suggested that the new language be called Sumerian.
But it was not until the 1890s that archaeologists excavating in city-states well to the south of Nineveh found many thousands of tablets inscribed in Sumerian only. Becau the Akkadians thought of Sumerian as a classical language (as ancient Greek and Latin are considered today), they taught it to educated persons and they inscribed vocabulary, translation exercis, and other study aids on tablets. Working from known Akkadian to previously unknown Sumerian, scholars since the 1890s have learned how to read the Sumerian language moderately well. Vast quantities of tablets in Sumerian have been unearthed during the intervening years from numerous sites.
1. According to the passage , the inventors of written language in Mesopotamia were probably
the
(A) Babylonians
(B) Subarians
(C) Akkadians
(D) Sumerians
2. The word subjugated in line 4 is clost in meaning to
(A) distinguished
(B) gregated
(C) concentrated
(D) conquered
3. The phra synonymous with in line 5 is clost in meaning to
(A) equivalent to
(B) important for
为什么月经会提前
(C) respected in
(D) familiar with
4. According to the passage , by the year 3000 B.C. the Sumerians had already done all of the
following EXCEPT:
(A) They had abandoned the area north of the Persian Gulf.
(B) They had established themlves in cities.
(C) They had started to communicate through
(D) They had created bronze tools and weapons.
5. The word some in line 14 refers to
(A) Archaeologists
(B) Sumerians
(C) years
(D) clay tablets
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the Sumerians?
(A) They were descendants of the Persians.
(B) They were the first people to cultivate the valley of the Tigris.
(C) They were accomplished musicians.
(D) They had the beginnings of an economy.
7. According to the passage , when did archaeologists begin to be able to understand tablets
inscribed in Sumerian?
(A) in the early nineteenth century
(B) more than 150 years ago
(C) after the 1890s
(D) in the mid-eighteenth century
8. According to the passage , in what way did the Sumerian language remble ancient Greek and
Latin?
(A) It was invented in Mesopotamia.
(B) It became well established around 3000 B.C.
(C) It became a classical language.
(D) It was ud exclusively for business transactions.
9. The word excavating in line 19 is clost in meaning to
(A) living
(B) digging
(C) asmbling
(D) building
10. According to the passage , how did archaeologists learn to read the Sumerian language?
(A) by translating the work of the Subarians
(B) by using their knowledge of spoken Semitic languages
(C) by comparing Sumerian to other classical languages
(D) by using their knowledge of Akkadian
PASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD
托福阅读真题3
Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. The scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing.
爵士舞教程 Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the suns position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most rearchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the rearchers arrived at the
new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, who brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.
Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool u. Many animals, like the otter who us a stone to crack musl shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One rearcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to u tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other four chips and three chips. Allowed to choo which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always cho the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to u numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior
(B) Obrvations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior
(C) The u of food in studies of animal behavior
(D) Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratory
experiments.
2. Which of the following is NOT discusd as an ability animals are thought to have?
(A) Selecting among choices
(B) Anticipating events to come
(C) Remembering past experiences
(D) Communicating emotions
3. What is the purpo of the honeybee dance?
(A) To determine the quantity of food at a site
德国猪手 (B) To communicate the location of food
(C) To increa the speed of travel to food sources
(D) To identify the type of nectar that is available
4. The word yet in line 15 is clost in meaning to
(A) however
(B) since
(C) generally
(D) so far
5. What did rearchers discover in the study of honeybees discusd in paragraph 2?
(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists thought.
(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected.
(C) The bees were able to determine in advance where scientists would place their food.
(D) Changing the location of food caud bees to decrea their dance activity.
6. It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to
(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability
(B) vary among individuals within a species
(C) be related to food consumption 水平居中怎么设置
(D) correspond to levels of activity
7. Why are otters and musl shells included in the discussion in paragraph 3?
(A) To provide an example of tool u among animals
(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool u than other species
(C) To illustrate how otters are using objects as tools
(D) To demonstrate why mother chimpanzees show their young how to u tools
8. The word rudimentary in line 20 is clost in meaning to
撤销合同 (A) superior
(B) original
(C) basic
(D) technical
9. It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 20-22)
that young chimpanzees have difficulty
(A) communicating with their mothers
(B) adding quantities
(C) making choices
(D) opening hard nuts
10. The phra the one in line 24-25 refers to the
(A) study
(B) pair
(C) chimpanzee
(D) ability
11. Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that
chimpanzees
(A) lack abilities that other primates have
(B) prefer to work in pairs or groups
(C) exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematical abilities
(D) have difficulty lecting when given choices
PASSAGE 79 BDBDC AACDB C
