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In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalid medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad ca itlf is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents; a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; a
nd patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s. A growing number em to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad ca, arguing that an isolated. DNA molecule 无味是什么意思“is no less a product than are cotton fibres that have been parated from cotton eds. “ Despite the appeals court大雪冬至’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the quencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The ca may yet reach the Supreme Court. As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be ud to determine the caus of dia or predict a drug’分公司和子公司>宝宝辅食食谱s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for 水培文竹“connecting the dots,” explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included ssio
ns to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.
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