Example 5: GAM Kyphosis Example Info and Data
Data file kyphosis.csv
Definition: Kyphosis (Greek - kyphos, a hump), in general terms, is a curvature of the upper spine. It can be either the result of bad posture or a structural anomaly in the spine.
The kyphosis data frame has 81 rows and 5 columns, reprenting data on children who have had corrective spinal surgery. This data frame contains the following columns: Kyphosis a factor with levels abnt prent indicating if a kyphosis (a type of deformation) was prent after the operation.苹果手机怎么装卡>平板支撑是什么
Kyph: 1 if kyphosis is prent, 0 otherwi
Age in months
Number the number of vertebrae involved
文明礼仪教案
Start the number of the first (topmost) vertebra operated on.
Source: John M. Chambers and Trevor J. Hastie eds. (1992) Statistical Models in S, Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole, Pacific Grove, CA 1992.
Aim of the assignment:
The aim of this assignment is to develop a generalized linear model or generalized additive model for the data to predict the probability of success of spinal surgery to correct kyphosis of the spine in children. The purpo is to demonstrate how regression models are developed showing various considerations at each stage. What is the most important predictor? What is the best model? How good is the model? What are the shortcomings of the data and the statistical model?
官财Assignment:
Write a rearch report on your analysis and findings. U the standard format for a rearch report/analysis as a guideline for your report:
1.There is no “correct” answer. There are many possibly good mod els.
2.Apply Ocham’s Razor: Do the least amount of work that gives an adequate
analysis of the data.
3.Summary of your findings and analysis.英语四级真题试卷
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4.Analysis. (This is the main part of your report. Include all tables and graphs
ud in your analysis here.)
5.Conclusions.
6.Recommendations.
7.Bibliography.
8.Appendices: Data, supporting analys, graphs, tables, etc.
Keep your report as focud and economical as possible. U the principles: ∙No unnecessary words, formulae, statistics, tables or graphs.
∙But all necessary ones.
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∙Say what you have to say, no more, no less.
∙Be creative.
∙Label your tables and graphs.
Kyphosis
Ref: /kyphosis/article.htm
Kyphosis is a curving of the spine that caus a bowing of the back, such that the apex of the angle points backwards leading to a hunchback or slouching posture.
The spine is divided into veral ctions.
春夜喜雨意思The cervical vertebrae make up the neck.
The thoracic vertebrae compri the chest ction and have ribs attached.
The lumbar vertebrae are the remaining vertebrae below the last thoracic bone and the top of the sacrum.
The sacral vertebrae are caged within the bones of the pelvis, and the coccyx reprents the terminal vertebrae or vestigial tail.
The most common symptoms for patients with an abnormal kyphosis are the appearance of poor posture with a hump appearance of the back or "hunchback," back pain, muscle fatigue, and stiffness in the back. Most often, the symptoms remain fairly constant and
do not become progressively wor with time.
In more vere situations, the patient may notice their symptoms worning with time. The kyphosis can progress, causing a more exaggerated hunchback. In rare cas, this can
lead to compression of the spinal cord with neurologic symptoms including weakness, loss of nsation, or loss of bowel and bladder control. Severe cas of thoracic kyphosis can also limit the amount of space in the chest and cau cardiac and pulmonary problems leading to chest pain and shortness of breath.
