《运动系统》专业单词1、运动系统（解剖学部分）cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum 骶骨
coccyx 尾骨
北师大研究生院sacral hiatus 骶管裂孔intervertebral foramen 椎间孔sternum 胸骨
sternal angle 胸骨角
rib 肋骨
港澳通行证价格clavicle 锁骨
scapula 肩胛骨
流逝的光阴
humerus 肱骨
radius 桡骨
ulna 尺骨
hip bone 髋骨
ilium 髂骨
pubis 耻骨
ischium 坐骨
femur 股骨patella 髌骨
tibia 胫骨
fibula 腓骨
pterion 翼点
optic canal 视神经管paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦superior orbital fissure 眶上裂jugular foramen 颈静脉孔synovial joints 滑膜关节articulation capsule 关节囊shoulder joint 肩关节
elbow joint 肘关节
wrist joint 腕关节
hip joint 髋关节
knee joint 膝关节
ankle joint 踝关节
职务级别一览表pelvis 骨盆
greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹vertebral column 脊柱intervertebral disc 椎间盘pubic symphysis 耻骨联合greater sciatic foramen 坐骨大孔
lesr sciatic foramen 坐骨小孔 cruciate ligament 十字韧带
fibular collateral ligament 腓侧副韧带 tibial collateral ligament 胫侧副韧带 medial meniscus 内侧半月板 lateral meniscus 外侧半月板 sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌 scalenus 斜角肌 trapezius 斜方肌 latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 erector spinae 竖脊肌 pectoralis major 胸大肌
一切为打赢
external intercostal muscle 肋间外侧肌 internal intercostal muscle ，肋间内侧肌 diaphragm 横膈膜
vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔 oesophageal hiatus 食管裂孔 aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔
external oblique muscle of abdomen internal oblique muscle of abdomen transver muscle of abdomen abdominal rectus muscle
sheath of abdominal rectus 腹直肌鞘 inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带 superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环 deltoid 三角肌 biceps brachii 肱二头肌 triceps brachii 肱三头肌 brachioradiallis 肱桡肌 pronator teres 旋前圆肌
flexor digtorumsuperficialis 指浅屈肌 flexor digtorumprofundus iliopsoas muscle 髂腰肌 gluteus maximus muscle 臀大肌 piriformismuscle 梨状肌 sartorius muscle 缝匠肌
quadriceps femorismuscle 股四头肌 biceps femorismuscle 股二头肌 gastrocnemius muscle 腓肠肌 soleus muscle 比目鱼肌
腹外斜肌 腹内斜肌 腹横肌 腹直肌
2、运动系统（组织学部分）connective tissue proper 固有结缔组织loo connective tissue（LCT）
疏松结缔组织collagenous fiber 胶原纤维elastic fiber 弹性纤维
reticular fiber 网状纤维fibroblast 成纤维细胞
fibrocyte 纤维细胞macrophage 巨噬细胞
plasma cell 浆细胞
mast cell 肥大细跑
建融智合fat cell 脂肪细胞
den connective tissue（DCT）
致密结缔组织adipo tissue 脂肪组织reticular tissue 网状组织
ground substance 基质menchyme 间充质
tissue fluid 组织液chondrocyte 软骨细胞
hyaline cartilage 透明软骨elastic cartilage 弹性软骨fibrocartilage 纤维软骨osous tissue 骨组织
bone matrix 骨基质
bone lamella 骨板osteocyte 骨细胞
巩汉林小品osteon 骨单位
osteoblast 成骨细胞osteoclast 破骨细胞compact bone 骨密质spongy bone 骨松质
bone collar 骨领ossification 骨化
skeletal muscle 骨骼肌cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌myofibril 肌原纤维intercalated disk 闰盘sarcomere 肌节
thick/thin myofilament 粗/细肌丝
3、运动系统（生理学部分）
motor unit: a single motor neuron + the t of muscle fibers innervated by it.
striated muscle: Both cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated muscle. They are made up of large, rigid arrays of sarcomeres.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling: Contractile respon in skeletal muscle is triggered by an action potential, the
AP is conducted down the T-tubules. They allow action potentials to penetrate deep into skeletal muscle cells. This allows an extracellular event to be signaled simultaneously throughout a large cell.
a contraction/ a shortening contraction/a concentric contraction: A muscle is activated and it shortens.
运动单位：单个运动神经元+由它支配的一组肌纤维。信息安全保护
横纹肌：心脏和骨骼肌均为横纹肌。它们由大而僵硬的肌节阵列组成。
兴奋-收缩偶联：骨骼肌收缩反应是由动作电位触发的，AP 是从T 小管向下传导的。它们允许动作电位深入骨骼肌细胞。这允许细胞外事件在整个大
细胞中同时被信号化。
收缩/缩短收缩/同心收缩：肌肉被激活
并缩短。
