The human eye can physically perceive millions of colours. But we don't all recogni the colours in the same way. Some people can't e differences in colours – so called colour blindness – due to a defect or abnce of the cells in the retina that are nsitive to high levels of light: the cones. But the distribution and density of the cells also varies across people with 'normal vision', causing us all to experience the same colour in slightly different ways.
翻译：人类的肉眼能感知上百万种色彩，却并非能一一辨别出来。有些人无法分辨色彩间的差异，俗称色盲，因为他们的视网膜中缺乏一种对波长较长的光线十分敏感的视锥细胞。不过就算不是色盲，每个人看同一种颜色时也稍有区别，因为视锥细胞的分布和密度是因人而异的。
* defect n. 缺点，缺陷；不足之处 vi. 变节；叛变
短语：birth defect 天生缺陷（等于congenital defect）黑枸杞的作用与功效
genetic defect 遗传缺损
* retina晋太元中 /ˈretɪnə/ n. [解剖] 视网膜
*cones /kəunz/ n. 视锥细胞（cone的复数）；锥形体
视锥细胞：视细胞的一种，位于视网膜内。因为它能接受光刺激，并将光能转换为神经冲动，故亦称光感受器。由外节、内节、胞体和终足四部分组成。其外节为圆锥状，故名视锥细胞。内含有感光物质(视紫蓝质)。在光刺激下，感光物质可发生一系列的光化学变化和电位改变，使视锥细胞发放神经冲动。
视锥细胞是感受强光和颜色的细胞，对弱光和明暗的感知不如视杆细胞敏感；而对强光和颜色，具有高度的分辨能力。在视网膜的黄斑中央凹处，只有视锥细胞，光线可直接到达视锥细胞，故此处感光和辨色最敏锐。而以视杆细胞为主的视网膜周缘部，则光的分辨率低，色觉不完善，但对暗光敏感。家鸡等动物视网膜中视锥细胞较多，故黄昏以后视觉减弱。人的视网膜中约有600万～800万个视锥细胞。
* distribution n. 分布；分配；供应
distribute vt. 分配；散布；分开；把…分类
* density /ˈdensəti/ n. 密度
Besides our individual biological make up, colour perception is less about eing what is actually out there and more about how our brain interprets colours to create something meaningful. The perception of colour mainly occurs inside our heads and so is subjective – and prone to personal experience.微信英文昵称
翻译：除了这种个体生理上对颜色的修正，人类的色彩感知不仅仅是看清外部世界到底什么样，更是关乎我们的大脑如何阐释这些色彩，以对事物分门别类，赋予意义。色彩的概念主要出现在我们的脑海中，因而是主观的，能为个人经验所左右。
* make up 组成；补足；化妆；编造
* perception n. 认识能力；知觉，感觉；洞察力；看法；获取
* interprets v.解释,作口译
* prone to /prəʊn/ 有…倾向的
Take for instance people with synaesthesia, who are able to experience the perception of colour with letters and numbers. Synaesthesia is often described as a joining of the ns – where a person can e sounds or hear colours. But the colours they hear also differ from ca to ca.
翻译：以通感(神经科学中指一种感官刺激或认知途径会自发引起另一种感知或认识的现象)为例。有通感的人，看见字母或数字时能感受到色彩。也经常有人将通感描述为连觉(感觉连接)，也就是有的人可以看到声音、听到颜色。不过他们所听到的颜色也是因个人而异。舌字加偏旁
* for instance 例如
* synaesthesia /ˌsɪnəsˈθiːziə/ n. 牵连感觉；共同感觉；通感
Since the day we were born we have learnt to categori objects, colours, emotions, and pretty much everything meaningful using language. And although our eyes can perceive thousands of colours, the way we communicate about colour – and the way we u colour in our everyday lives – means we have to carve this huge variety up into identifiable, meaningful categories. Painters and fashion experts, for example, u colour 彭泽论坛terminology to refer to and discriminate hues and shades that to all intents and purpos may all be described with one term by a non-expert.
翻译：从生下来那天起，人们就开始学习用语言给物体、颜色、情绪，几乎所有有意义的事物分类。虽然我们的眼睛可以感知数以千计的颜色，但我们日常生活中使用语言、交流语言的方式，都意味着得把这一大堆颜色划分出可辨认、有意义的类别。就像画家和时尚达人用来指代和区分色调及明暗度的各种色彩术语，其实到了外行人那儿，可能就是同一个词。
* categori /'kætɪɡəraɪz/ v. 将……分类（等于 categorize）
* terminology /ˌtɜːmɪˈnɒlədʒi/ n. 术语，术语学；用辞
* discriminate /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/
vt. 歧视；区别；辨别
vi. 区别；辨别
* intents n. 意图；目的；意向（intent的复数）
Different languages and cultural groups also carve up the colour spectrum differently. Some languages like Dani, spoken in Papua New Guinea, and Bassa, spoken in Liberia and Sierra Leone, only have two terms, dark and light. Dark roughly translates as cool in tho languages, and light as warm. So colours like black, blue, and green are glosd as cool colours, while lighter colours like white, red, orange and yellow are glosd as warm colours.
翻译：不同的语言和文化群体，划分色谱也截然不同。一些语言，比如如巴布亚新几内亚
所说的丹尼语，利比里亚和塞拉利昂所说的巴萨语，颜色只有两个词，“暗”和“亮”。“暗”大致可译为其他语言中的冷色调，“亮”为暖色调。所以黑、蓝、绿等颜色可解释为冷色，而白、红、橙、黄等浅色调可解释为暖色。
* carve一只笨狼 /kɑːv/ vt. 雕刻；切开；开创
carve up 瓜分；划分
* spectrum /ˈspektrəm/ n. 光谱；频谱；范围；余象
* roughly adv. 粗糙地；概略地
* glosd v. 注释；（古）曲解；掩盖；使光彩
The Warlpiri people living in Australia's Northern Territory don't even have a term for the word "colour". For the and other such cultural groups, what we would call "colour" is described by a rich vocabulary referring to texture, physical nsation and functional purpo.
翻译：瓦尔皮里人生活在澳大利亚北部，这些土著的语言里甚至没有“颜色”一词。对于类似这种文化的人类群体而言，我们所谓的“颜色”，他们是用各种指代材质、身体感觉和功能目的的词来描述。
* territory /ˈterətri/ n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图
* texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ n. 质地；纹理；结构；本质，实质
Remarkably, most of the world's languages have five basic colour terms. Cultures as diver as the Himba in the Namibian plains and the Berinmo in the lush rainforests of Papua New Guinea employ such five term systems. As well as dark, light, and red, the languages 唐山地震typically have a term for yellow, and a term that denotes both blue and green. That is,the languages do not have parate terms for "green" and "blue" but u one term to describe both colours, a sort of "grue".
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