高中英语议论文带答案版
1
GOING TO UNIVERSITY is suppod to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tubingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that tho who have been to university do indeed em to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than tho who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational(职业的) training for work. However, it was not the ca that university broadened minds. Rather, work emed to narrow them.
Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team ud two standardized tests to asss their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness(认真) and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice--- once towards the end of each volunteer’ time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on
the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on the that the rearchers focud. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 cho vocational training and a job.
When it came to the cond round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of tho who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Tho who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either--- except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.
That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the rearchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But tho who had chon the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.
Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific rearch, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The rearchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-ctor workers as careers re
quiring the traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itlf on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of rious consideration.
1.Which if the following can best replace “beckoned for” in paragraph 2?
A. Examined
B. Attracted
C. Organized
D. Recognized
摩尔庄园冰世纪2.What can we learn from the rearch?
A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities.
B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.
C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds.
D. College students pride themlves on their education.
3. According to the last two paragraphs,____________.
A. college students enjoy a very good public image.
B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude
C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks.
D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training.
儿媳4.What is the author’s attitude towards the finding?
A. Concerned
B. Optimistic
C. Unclear
D. Doubtful
答案：B C D A
2
Every year, thousands of new high school graduates pack their bags, move to new cities, and sign papers accepting loans, the money borrowed from a bank or lenders etc, which they might not be able to pay back. Without proper education on personal finance, especially as it relates to paying for college, young adults are guided into improper loan plans that result in years of debt after graduation. In order to t students up to succeed financially, it is important to educate students and parents on their financial options before school in the fall. The best way to support families heading for college is to require that every high school student take a personal finance class before graduation. This will help smooth the transition into adulthood.
The average student takes out at least one loan to cover the costs of their education each year. In 2014 the average student graduating from college carried a negative balance of about $20,000 in debt, which often spread over multiple lenders. Upon graduation, students rarely know exactly how much money they owe, and even though they are in the state of being unable to pay their debts, they cannot wipe out student loans. The students spend much of their adult lives paying off the gradual increasing debts.
A personal finance cour would teach students how to manage their income and expenditures, while helping to significantly reduce the amount of debt students carry into adulthood. By teaching students how to save money and live within their means, this cour will provide the next generation with a foundation to progress financially. Students choosing to get a job straight out of high school would also benefit from finance education for the very reasons. With education on how to manage their finances, all young people will have the knowledge to make healthy decisions, leading them to improve good credit and purcha needed items like cars and homes with skill and confidence.
While not every young person makes financial mistakes, tho who do can face years of difficulty trying to get their finances back under control. Rather than help them through the hard times when they happen, we should try to prevent them from happening at all. Making the completion of personal finance courwork a requirement for graduation would ensure that young people are at least aware of the basics of prerving a financial stability.
1.After graduation from college, many young people ________.
A. struggle to support their families
B. spend years paying off their debts
C. get through the hard times smoothly
D. are able to manage their own finances well
2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. Ways to improve financial credits.
B. Advantages of taking a finance cour.
C. Skills of balancing income and expenditures.
D. Introduction to the education on personal finance.
3.Having financial knowledge, high school students are probably able to ________.
A. smooth their way for college
B. get out of their financial trap
C. free from the cost of their college education
D. avoid the risk of the future financial trouble
4.The main purpo of the passage is to ________.
A. inform and explain
B. argue and persuade
C. analyze and evaluate
D. discuss and examine
答案：B B D B
3
According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them pests(有害动物). Landholding farmers say that the country’s estimated 50 million kangaroos damage their crops and compete with livestock for scarce resources. Australia’s insurance industry says that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent o
f the 20,000-plus vehicle-animal collisions reported each year. In the country’s underpopulated re gion, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have swollen to “plague proportions.”
In the abnce of traditional hunters, the thinking goes, killing kangaroos is critical to balancing the ecology and boosting the rural economy. A government-sanctioned(政府认可的) industry, bad on the commercial harvest of kangaroo meat and hides, exported $29 million in products in 2017 and supports about 4,000 jobs. Today meat, hides, and leather from kangaroos have been exported to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma, and Adidas buy strong, supple “k-leather” to make athletic gear. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores.
Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat comes from an animal more environmentally friendly than greenhou gas-emitting sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food and fibers from animals adapted to Australia’s fragile rangelands is extremely wi and sus tainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.”
Opponents(反对者) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implau
sible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.”
Can Australians’ conflicting attitudes toward kangaroos be reconciled(和解)? George Wilson says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers(放牧人)—working independently or through wildlife conrvancies—would protect the animals, treating them as posssions. They could feed them, lea them, breed them and charge hunter a fee for access. “If you want to conrve something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered pests don’t have value.”
Privatization could also help reduce grazing pressures. If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, farmers would keep less live-stock, which could be good for the environment. Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.
1.What can be learnt from the first three paragraphs?
A. Kangaroo meat is healthier than other red meat.
B. Global brands make small profits on kangaroos.
C. Kangaroos are more friendly to the environment.
D. Overpopulated kangaroos have become a financial burden.
2.What does the underlined word “implausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Unreasonable.
B. Immeasurable.
C. Unquestionable.
D. Unchangeable.
妒海主题曲3.Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization?
歌手的英文
A. The popularity of kangaroo hunting.
B. The reduction in the number of kangaroos.
C. The establishment of more conrvation areas.
退押金D. The better management of the kangaroo industry.
4.The passage is written to ________.
A. argue against the killing of kangaroos
B. stress the importance of protecting kangaroos
C. prent different opinions on the kangaroo industry
D. provide a solution to the problem caud by kangaroos
答案：C A D D
4
Bullying(霸凌) can take a variety of forms, from the verbal to the physical as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depresd. In extreme cas it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare.
Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a conquence, schools would often deny the problem. …There i s no bullying at this school‟ has been a common answer if asked, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: “There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.” Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the verity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Rearch in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published, too. Third, there is evidence that the materials work, and that schools can achieve something.
Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what bullying me
ans, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed and what punishments will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation over a period of time. Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy. Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work. There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.
With the developments, schools can expect that at least the most rious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort is put in and the wider the whole school is involved, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying and the conquent improvement in pupil happiness is surely a worthwhile objective.
1.The writer thinks that the respon …There is no bullying at this school‟ shows.
A. bullying can be easily dealt with
B. bullying doesn’t exist in the school
C. the school knows nothing about bullying第功
D. the school lacks the knowledge and resources about bullying
2.From paragraph 2, we can learn that.
A. reasons for the incread rate of bullying are clear
B. in the previous years, British government policy failed
C. developments in dealing with bullying have led to a solution
D. there is no rearch into how common bullying is in British schools
3.According to the passage, what is the most important part of reducing bullying?
A. Develop a policy through consultation.
B. Deal with the topic through the curriculum.
C. Work with individual pupils or in small groups.
D. Give detailed guidelines on the right things to do.
4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage?
A. Bullying: what parents can do
B. Bullying: are the schools to blame?
C. Bullying: the link with academic failure
D. Bullying: from no way out to prevention
答案：D C A D
5
菠萝的英语Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert
Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we u, to achieve our purpos, a mechanical agency with who operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpo which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpo has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to prerve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical conquence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpo if it is dead. So if we nd out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to cure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines who objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some rearchers argue that we can al the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan ems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is cure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI ems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismisd out of hand, as it has been by some AI rearchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of the atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.
A. run out of human control
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. command armies of killer robots
D. work faster than a mathematician
2.Machines with specific purpos are associated with living things partly becau they might be able to.
A. prevent themlves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independently
C. do anything successfully with given orders
D. beat humans in international chess matches
3.According to some rearchers, we can u firewalls to.
A. help super intelligent machines work better
B. be cure against evil human beings
由组成的英文C. keep machines from being harmed
D. avoid robots’ affecting the world
4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines？
A. It will disappear with the development of AI
B. It will get wor with human interference.
C. It will be solved but with difficulty
D. It will stay for a decade.
答案：A A D C
6
The Cost of Higher Education
