2017年5月SAT亚太真题阅读（4）
第四篇历史双篇 弗吉尼亚制宪会议上的发言
Passage 1, by Patrick Henry,and Passage 2, by Edmund 能说会道的意思Pendleton, are adaptedfrom speeches delivered to theVirginia ratifyingconvention in 1788. Both are in respon to the proposal by the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution establishing a national government.
题目： 两篇文章都是关于是否要用“1787年宪法”取代“联邦条例”的演说。演说是在弗吉尼亚宪法批准会上，演说人1是Patrick Henry; 演说人2是Edmund Pendleton
相思风雨中吉他谱【解析】文章发生在美国“宪法大讨论”时期。相关背景我们在“制宪”专题中给大家介绍过。
Passage 1
Ifa wrong step be now made, the republic may be lost forever. If this newgovernment will not come up to the expectation of the people, and they shall bedisappointed, their liberty will be lost, and tyranny must and will ari.
【阐释】Henry不支持用“1787年宪法”取代“联邦条例”。能读出这个“作者观点”，第一段过关。环境整治简报
【单词】republic理发怎么学：n a state inwhich the supreme power rests in the body of citizens
描写雪的句子唯美
【翻译】如果现在迈出错误的一步，共和可能会永远失去。 如果这个新政府达不到人民的预想，他们将会失望，自由将会丧失，暴政就会也必然会产生。
. . . And here I would makethis inquiry of tho worthy characters who compod a part of the late federalConvention『指邦联议会中制定和支持新宪法的人（不是所有的人都支持新宪法，所以说part of）』. Iam sure they were fully impresd with the necessity of forming a great consolidated government, instead ofa confederation. That this is a consolidated government is demonstrablyclear; and the danger of such a government is, to my mind, very striking.
【阐释】作者认为新宪法政府的特点是：consolidated，是加强了中央政府权利的。这点是宪法的制订者认为最重要的；同时也是保证的英文Patrick认为最危险的。读出这个点，本段过关。
【单词】federal Convention：指邦联的议会。1787年宪法本来召开是为了修正一些邦联条例中的问题，但最后开成了制宪会议。制订了1787年宪法。
【翻译】…在此，我想请问那些邦联议会中的某些人。我相信他们对组建一个伟大而统一的政府，而不仅限于邦联的必要性印象深刻。 这会是一个统一的政府，这点清晰无误; 而在我看来，这样一个政府的危险是非常惊人的。
I have the highestveneration for tho gentlemen; but, sir『主席先生』,give me leave to demand, What right had theyto say, We, the people『美国宪法首句就是We the people of the United States』? My politicalcuriosity, exclusive of myanxious solicitude for the public welfare, leads me to ask, Who authorized them to speakthe language of, We, the people, instead of,We, the states? States are the characteristics and the soul of aconfederation. If the states be not the agents of this compact, it must be one great, consolidated, national government, of the people of all
【阐释】关键句what right had they to say WE THE PEOPLE。今天说法
质疑宪法文件采用的主体是“人民”，而不是“州”的合法性。
【单词】give me leave to demand：giveme permission to demand leave=permission to do something 请允许我
exclusive of : not including something 除去，不包括
agent: na person or thing that acts or has the power to act.
【翻译】我对这些先生们怀有最崇高的敬意; 但是，主席先生，请允许我发问，他们有什么权力说“我们，人民”？抛开我对公众福祉的担心外，我政治上的好奇令我疑虑：谁授权他们(在宪法中使用)“我们，人民”，而不是“我们，各州”？州才是联盟的特征和灵魂。 如果各州都无权在这份契约中作为代理人出现，那它必须是一个伟大的、统一的，属于各州人民的统一的国家政府....
The people gave them no powerto u their name. That they exceeded their power is perfectly clear. It isnot mere curiosity that actuates me: I wish to hear the real, actual, existing danger,which should lead us to take tho steps, so dangerous in my conception. Disorders have arin inother parts of America; but here, sir, no dangers, noi
nsurrection or tumult have happened; everything has been calm andtranquil. But, notwithstanding this, we are wandering on the great ocean of humanaffairs. I e no landmark to guideus. We are running we know not whither. Difference of opinion has goneto adegree of inflammatory rentment in different parts of the country,which has been occasioned『vt togive occasion or cau for; bring about.引起』 bythis perilous innovation. The federal Convention ought to have amended the old system; forthis purpo they were solely delegated; the object『目的』 of their missionextended to no other consideration. You must, therefore, forgive the solicitation of one unworthymember to know what danger could havearin under the prent Confederation, and what are the causof this proposal to change our government.
【阐释】本段开头，是紧紧承接上一段的内容。可以看到，首句The people gave them no power to utheir name是对上段who authorized them to speak the language of, We, the people的回答。反正，人民，并没有赋予他们这种权力。所以，他们越权了。
接着，作者又以退为进（让步），针对“越权可能是出于某种特定局势下的需要”的想法，左炔诺孕酮片
否定了弗吉尼亚并没有产生“足以采纳新宪法的”危机。并在结尾重申了“federal convention”本该是履行“完善邦联条例”的职责，却开了成“制宪会议”这种越权的行为。并质问这种做法的必要性？
【翻译】人民并没有赋予他们以“人民的名义”颁布这份新宪法的权力。也就是说，他们儹『音zan(三声)』越权力的事实显而易见。我可不仅仅是出于好奇心：我希望听到实实在在存在的危机，能让我们必须采用这些步骤（指采纳新宪法，把国家变成统一的国家）的危机，那种在我的观念中足够紧迫的危机。美洲其他地区已经出现动荡；但在这里，主席先生，没有危险，没有起义或动乱发生；一切都平静而祥和。但是，尽管如此，我们正漫游在人类事物的广袤海洋之中。我看不到指引我们的地标。我们正在奔向未知的前方。意见的差异，已经在一定程度上被这种危险的创新，在国家不同地区引发深深怨恨。联邦议会应该是去修正旧制度『而不是制订新的宪法，注意ought to have done 形式，现在完成时的虚拟语气』，也正是基于这一目的，他们才能被委派，他们肩负使命再无其他。因此，主席先生，请原谅一位卑微的成员的如果恳切的想知道，当下邦联可能会发生什么危机，而建议改变我们（联邦条例下的）政府的原因是什么呢？
Passage 2
Mr. Chairman, my worthy friend (Mr. Henry) has expresdgreat uneasiness in his mind, and informed us that a great many of ourcitizens are also extremely uneasy,at the proposal of changing
