Lesson 8 The Future of the English
一、词汇短语
1. cosmopolitan []adj. pertinent or common to the
whole world全世界的，国际的：a cosmopolitan city国际都市
2. Fascist [] n. an advocate or adherent of fascism法西斯主义者
3. rally [] n. a large public meeting, especially one that is held outdoors to
support a political idea, protest etc集合，集会：a political rally一次政治集会4. scuffle [] n. a short fight that is not very violent扭打，混战：Scuffle
broke out among the players during the football match.足球赛中运动员们扭
打起来。
5. fanatical [] adj. possd with or motivated by excessive,
irrational zeal狂热的，过分热衷的：He is a fanatical hunter.他是个着了迷的
猎手。
6. snarl [] vi. to speak angrily or threateningly怒吼，咆哮：“Shut up,” he
snarled.“住嘴！”他大叫道。
7. shop steward []n. a person chon by his fellow trade
unionist in an industrial establishment to speak for them to the
干虾的做法management and to watch over their interest工厂的个人代表
8. accelerate [] v. a）to cau to develop or progress more
quickly促进，增加（数量）：He decided to accelerate his advertising.他
决定增加广告的数量。b）to move or act faster加速
9. alien [] adj. very different from what you are ud to, especially in
a way that is difficult to understand or accept相反的，与……格格不入的：His
way of life is totally alien to us.他的生活方式和我们格格不入。
10. brigade []n. a group of persons organized for a specific
purpo执行特定任务的队伍
11. razor-keen [:n] adj. as sharp as a razor; [fig.] very smart and
shrewd犀如剃刀的；[喻]伶俐能干的
12. postscript [] n. a message appended at the end of a
letter after the writer's signature附言，后记
花木兰配音13. eccentric []adj. behaving in a way that is unusual and
different from most people古怪的，异常的：an eccentric person古怪的
人
14. impoverish [] vt. a）to reduce to poverty; make poor使贫穷，
使穷困；b）to deprive of natural richness or strength使枯竭，耗尽：
impoverish the soil by overu过度耕作而使土壤变得贫瘠
15. subsidy [] n. a grant paid by a government to an enterpri that
benefits the public津贴，补助金：Food subsidies are necessary for keeping
down the price of dairy products and bread.食品补贴对控制乳制品和面包
的价格是必要的。
16. franc [] n. 法郎（法国货币单位）
17. Deutschmark n. 德国马克
18. poster [] n. a large printed notice, picture, or photograph, ud to
adverti something or as a decoration海报，宣传画
19. advocate []n. one that argues for a cau; a supporter or
defender提倡者，鼓吹者：an advocate of anarchism鼓吹无政府主义的
人
20. monotony [] n. the quality of being always the same, which
makes something boring, especially someone’s life or work单调，千
篇一律：She wanted to escape the monotony of her everyday life.她想
摆脱生活的单调无趣。
21. imbecility [] n. great stupidity or foolishness愚钝，愚蠢言行
22. horde [] n. a large group or crowd; a swarm群，大群：hordes of people 大群人
23. overdraft [] n. the amount of money you owe to a bank
when you have spent more money than you had in your account透支，
透支的款项
24. caper [] n. a playful leap or hop跳跃，嬉戏
怎么更改图片格式
25. bicker [] vi. to argue, especially about something very unimportant发
生口角，争吵：The two children ud to bicker about who should do the
washing-up.这两个小孩子过去常为该由谁洗餐具一事而争吵。
26. bewilder []vt. to confu someone迷惑，使……糊涂：He was
bewildered by his daughter’s reaction.他被女儿的反应弄糊涂了。其名词
形式为：bewilderment
27. recoil [] vi. to fall back or retreat; to shrink back撤退，后退；畏缩：
recoil from doing sth.对做某事畏缩不前
28. anomalous [] adj. different from what you expected to find不
规则的，异常的，破格的：It is an anomalous situation to hire more
hands but having less work done.多雇人手反致完成的工作量减少是一
种反常局面。
29. syndicalism []n. a political system in which
workers control industry, or a belief in this type of system工会组织
主义，工团主义
30. hippopotamus [] n. a large grey African animal with
a big head and mouth that lives near河马
31. blunder [] v. a）to move clumsily or blindly跌跌撞撞，慌乱地走：
Without my glass I blundered into the wrong room.我没戴眼镜，以致
闯错了房间。b）to make a stupid, usually rious error in; botch（因盲
目或愚蠢地行动）犯错误
32. fraud [] n. a deception deliberately practiced in order to cure unfair
or unlawful gain; a cheat诈骗，骗局；骗子：expo a fraud揭穿骗局
33. crusty [] adj. emingly rough and surly in manner粗鲁无礼的，脾
气暴躁的：a crusty old man一位脾气暴躁的老人
34. articulate [] adj. able to talk easily and effectively about
things表达能力强的：an articulate speaker口才好的演讲者
35. counterculture []n. the art, beliefs, behavior of
people who are against the usual or accepted behavior, art etc. of
society反主流文化（六七十年代在美国青少年中盛行的一种思潮）36. swagger [] v. a）to brag; boast吹牛，自夸：He swaggers about his
exploits.他吹嘘自己的业绩。b）to browbeat or bully吓唬，恫吓：swagger
国有企业管理sb. into concession说大话吓人让步
37. integrity [] n. a）steadfast adherence to a strict moral or
ethical code诚实，正直：a man of integrity正直的人；b）the quality or
condition of being whole or undivided; completeness完全，完整：defend
the integrity of one’s country保卫国家的完整
38. sloppy [] adj. not done carefully or thoroughly草率的，粗心大意的：
驻马店美食
It’s sloppy job you’re doing.你这活干得太稀松了。
39. inept [] adj. not apt or fitting; inappropriate不适合的，不恰当的：Such
a poor player would be an inept choice as captain.这么差劲的运动员可不是
充任队长的合适人选。
40. shiftless [] adj. lacking ambition or purpo; lazy无进取心的，懒
惰的：a shiftless student一个懒惰的学生
41. slovenly [] adj. untidy; negligent or slipshod不整洁的，懒散的，
草率的：Such slovenly work habits will never produce good products.
这样马马虎虎的工作习惯决不能生产出优质产品来。
42. messy [] adj. disorderly and dirty凌乱的，脏的：I can’t find anything
一客不烦二主
on this messy desk.在这张堆放得乱七八糟的桌子上我什么也找不到。
43. slop around wander around闲荡，闲逛：You'll never have a future if all you do is
slop around all day如果你只是整天游手好闲地荡来荡去，你决不会有前途44. skimp [] v. a）to deal with hastily, carelessly, or with poor material草
率从事，马马虎虎地做；b）to be stingy or very thrifty俭省，节俭：She had to车辆英语
女人更年期的症状
skimp to nd her son to college.她必须节俭来供她儿子上大学。
45. scrounge [] v. a）to ek to obtain something by begging or
borrowing with no intention of reparation乞讨：scrounge for a
cigarette讨支烟抽；b）to collect or look around for搜寻：He was
scrounging around the kitchen for a late-night snack.他在厨房里四处寻
找夜宵。
46. booze [] vi. to drink alcoholic excessively or chronically痛饮，豪饮：He
boozed till daylight and dozed into the afternoon.他喝了个通霄，昏沉沉地一
直睡到下午。
47. vandalism [] n. the crime of deliberately damaging
things, especially public property汪达尔人的行为或作风，恶意破坏的行
为
48. pilfer [] vt. to steal （a small amount or item）小偷小摸：She was
sacked after being caught pilfering from the till.在被抓住从钱柜里偷钱后，
她被解雇了。
49. damnation []n. the act of damning or the condition of
