小新星语音版块特训
1.英语音标：48个国际音标
巧记48个音标简表：
元音 | 12个单元音 | 长元音 | /i:/ | /ɜː/ | /ɔ:/ | /u:/ | /ɑː/ | |
短元音 | /ɪ/ | /ə/ | /ɒ/ | /ʊ/ | /æ/ | /e/ | /ʌ/ | |
8个双元音 | 我儿媳妇/aɪ/ | /eɪ/ | /ɔɪ/ | /ɪə/ | /eə/ | /ʊə/ | /əʊ/ | /aʊ/ | |
辅音 | 10对 | 清辅音 | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | /f/ | /s/ | /θ/雷鬼舞 | /ʃ/ | /tʃ/ | /tr/ | /ts/ |
浊辅音 | /b/ | /d/ | /g/ | /v/ | /z/ | /ð/ | /ʒ/ | /dʒ/ | /dr/ | 全球环境污染现状 /dz/ |
3个鼻音 | /m/ | /n/ | /ŋ/ | |
3个似拼音 | /h/ | /r/ | /l/ | |
2个半元音 | /w/ | /j/ | |
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2.音节与音节划分知识
1. 音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元音字母就有几个音节。
2. 音节的划分
① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时，一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。
例如：let-ter，mem-ber，chil-dren，daugh-ter
② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时，如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅音字母属于重读音节。
例如：长音 pa-per，stu-dent，fa-ther，ze-ro，mo-tor，far-ther
短音 v-en，stud-y，moth-er，ver-y，mod-le ，weath-er
3. 重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4. 开音节
① 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。
例如：no，blue，ba-by，me，she
② 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
例如：name，the，bike，home，excu
5. 闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母（r、w、y 除外）且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
例如：bag，egg，fish，not，cup
6. 双音节词重读规则
① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如： stu-dent，Chi-na，c-ond，au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。
例如：a-bout，be-fore，ex-cu，re-pair，for-get-ful，in-ven-tor
7. 多音节词重读规则
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如： el-e-phant
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如：scien-tific，im-pression，na-tion
3.英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | he the me Chine | 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike fly drive time nice kite | 在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | o | 在开音节中 | [əu] | tho clo go hoe home no | 在闭音节中 | [ɔ] | clock not box shop sock | u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excu duty Tuesday | 在闭音节中 | [ʌ ] | bus cup jump much lunch | 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super | | | | |
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2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | [ə] | China another woman breakfast | [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | e | [ə] | hundred student open weekend | [i] | chicken pocket begin children | i | [i] | holiday beautiful family animal | 熔断机制什么意思在新翻译[ai] | exerci satellite | o | [ə] | cond tonight somebody welcome | [əu] | also zero photo | u | [ə] | autumn diffcult | [ju:] | popular congratulation January | 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate | u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue | | | |
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[ə]音可以读作[i]音。 |
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3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a在[w]音后面 | [ɔ] | want what watch wash quality | a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | o在-st -ld前 | [əu] | most postcard old cold | o在m n v th前 | [ʌ] | come monkey love mother | | | |
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4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ar
ar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | car farm dark sharpener | [ɔ:] | warm quarter towards | or
or在[w]音后面 | [ɔ:] | forty morning short | [ə:] | word worker wor | er ir ur | [ə:] | certainly bird Thursday | 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry | -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音，例如：dollar teacher forget Saturday | | | |
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5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | are | [εə] | care dare hare | ere | [iə] | here mere | ire | [aiə] | fire hire wire | ore | [ɔ:]湖南中学 | more score before | ure | [juə] | pure cure | are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[tʃə]音或[ʒə]，例如：picture pleasure | | | |
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6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait day play | air | [εə] | air hair chair pair repair | al al在f m前 | [ɔ:l] | small ball talk wall all | [ɔ:l] | always also salt almost | [α:] | half calm | au/aw | [ɔ:] | autumn daughter draw | ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap plea | [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | [ei] | break great | ear | [iə] | hear dear near clear year | [εə] | bear pear wear swear | [ə:] | earth learn early | ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | eer | [iə] | pioneer deer beer | ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | [i:] | either key | eu/ew在
j l r s后 | [ju:] | new few newspaper | [u:] | flew brew jewelry | ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | oa | [əu] | coat Joan boat goal | oar/oor | [ɔ:] | roar board door floor | oi/oy | [ɔi] | noi point boy toilet | oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | [u] | book look cook foot good | ou/ow | [au] | flower hou count down | [əu] | know row throw though | [ʌ] | young country enough | [u:] | group you soup | our | [ɔ:] | cour your four | [auə] | our hour ours | [ə:] | journey | ui
在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition suit | [u:] | juice fruit | | | |
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7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ei/ey | 诗人李白[i] | foreign monkey | ow | [əu] | yellow sparrow tomorrow | | -sion -tion | [ʃən] | impression nation | -sion在元音字母后 | [ʒən] | vision decision occasion | -tion在s后 | [tʃən] | question suggestion | -sten | [sn] | listen | -stle | [sl] | whistle | -sure | [ʒə] | pleasure measure | -ture | [tʃə] | picture culture | | | |
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8、辅字组的读音
辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | b | [b] | bike bus bag | [/] | bomb tomb | c
c在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | [s] | face decide cinema | ch | [tʃ] | much chick rich teacher | [k] | school headache chemistry | [ʃ] | machine Chicago | -ck | [k] | cock pocket black knock | d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | -dge | [dʒ] | bridge fridge | dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | f | [f] | five four breakfast | g
g在e i/y前 | [g] | bag gardon go | [dʒ] | orange large German | gh | [f] | cough enough photo | [/] | light daughter high | gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中 | [g] | guess league dialogue | [gw] | language distinguish | h | [h] | hot head hou hand | [/] | hour honest | j | [dʒ] | jeep jar joke join July | k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | kn- | [n] | knife know knock | l | [l] | life milk school tall | m | [m] | monkey come autumn | -mn | [m] | autumn column solemn | n
n在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | [ŋ] | uncle thank hungry | -ng | [n] | morning young wrong | p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | q | [k] | Iraq | qu- | [kw] | quality quite | r | [r] | red rubber ruler | s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前 | 亲吻你的脸[s] | sit sleep desk | [z] | music husband | sc- | [sk] | scar | [s] | muscle science | sh | [ʃ] | she fish shirt wash | t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | [ʃ] | patient nation | tch | [tʃ] | watch | th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method | [ð] | the the with than | [ð] | clothe father weather | tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | v | [v] | very voice love leave | w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | [/] | answer two | wh-
wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | [h] | who who whole | x
在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exerci | [gz] | examle exist exact | wr- | [r] | write | y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo | | | |
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