另起炉灶指的不是个别的,或局部的调整,⽽是对英语句⼦作“伤筋动⾻”的结构⼿术,即⼤幅度地打乱英语原句的词序或句序和各种成分的排列,⼏乎拆散原句,再对其重新组装。夹子简笔画
该操作有三种境况:
(1)“拆卸拼装”策略。只涉及句⼦的部分重新组装;有时候,⼀些词语要进⾏“意译”或“转译”。
He always lives ahead of his salary.冬白仓鼠
*他总是⽣活在他⼯资之前。
他的⽣活开销总是超过他的⼯资收⼊。
*I would suggest,however,that it should be limited to a definite period of time,let''s say two years,so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refus any kind of social obligation.
理财计划
所有银行名称 结构分析:句⼦的框架是I would suggest,that it should be limited to…,so as to avoid.attitude which refus…。that引导宾语从句,作suggest的宾语。Let''s say two years作插⼊语,这个从句包含⼀个由so as to引导的⽬的状语。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰attitude.it在此指代“subsistence”,意为“⽣活维持费”。
参考译⽂:然⽽,我想建议,这种⽣活维持费必须限制在⼀定的期限内,⽐如说两年,以避免⿎励⼀种反常的态度,即不肯承担任何社会义务。
*However,the suspicions against a system of guaranteed subsistence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of tho who want to u ownership of capital for the purpo of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer.
结构分析:句⼦的框架是…the suspicions against.are not groundless from.tho who want to u…这个句⼦的主语⽐较长,介词短语against a system of.作定语修饰the suspicions.关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰undless在此句中译
为“⽆根据的”。
参考译⽂:然⽽,有些⼈想利⽤资本所有权来迫使其他⼈接受他们提供的⼯作条件。从这些⼈的⽴场来看,对最低⽣活保障制度持怀疑态度不是没有道理的。
(2)“游移词句策略”。整个英语句⼦不分前后部分,完全打乱后进⾏翻译。其中发挥汉语的表达优势,例如汉语的状语常常在句⾸,所以可以把状语从原⽂中游移出来,另外译成⼀句话。注意:原⽂中的and可灵活译成汉语的词组:“不但…⽽且…”。
The company''s top executives all are refugees from the country''s bureaucratic and underfinanced state rearch ctor.
该公司的⾼层管理⼈员都来⾃该国的国家研究机构,这些机构不仅充满官僚主义主义⽓息,⽽且研究经费不⾜,他们很难在那⾥呆下去。
世界最大的群岛 Food manufacturers are flooding the UK market with new products // in respon to rising demand // from a population hungry forsomething different.
显然,此句在逻辑上可以分解为4组意群:
1)(there is)a population hungry for [形容词短语作population的定语。]
2) the demand is rising
3) in respon to this demand
做一道菜作文 4) food manufacturers are flooding…with…
英国⼈极想“尝鲜/新”,要求与⽇俱增。针对这种情况,⾷品⽣产商正⼀个劲⼉地向英国市场⼤量投放各种新产品。
我为什么写作
景德镇好玩吗
*The opinions,which were current a hundred years ago,that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance,lack of responsibility,are outdated.
结构分析:句⼦的框架是The opinions,which were current…,that the ,are outdated.关系代词which引导⾮限制性定语从句,修饰主语the opinions.关系代词that引导同位语从句,作the opinions的同位语。谓语是are
outdated.current在此句中泽为“流⾏的”。owe…to译为“把……归因于”。
参考译⽂:100年前流⾏的看法认为,穷⼈应该把他们的状况归因于他们⽆知、缺乏责任⼼;但这种观点现在已经过时了。
*I believe we must restore our n of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms,lines,shades or colors tho mysterious phantoms of visual reality we callpictures.
结构分析:句⼦的框架是“主语+谓语+宾从”。Conjure up的宾语是tho mysterious phantoms of visual reality,后跟定语从句we call “pictures”。by…shades or colors是⽅式状语;conjure up原意是“使想起,回忆”,这⾥作“呈现”较好。
参考译⽂:我认为,我们必须恢复对这种能⼒的惊奇感,这种能⼒能使我们借助于形式、线条、阴
影或⾊彩来呈现那些我们称之为“图画”的反映视觉现实的神秘幻景。
*The way the language of art refers to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely unknown except to artists,who u it as we u all language-without needing to know its grammar and mantics.
结构分析:本句主⼲是the way is so…that…句型;the way后跟定语从句,artists后跟⼀定语从句,从句后⼜跟了⼀个⽐较⽅式状语从句;refer to原意为“提到;参考”,这⾥翻译为“表达,描述”较恰当。
参考译⽂:美术语⾔表达可见世界的⽅式是多么显⽽易见,⼜是多么神秘莫测,因⽽,除了美术家外,对⼤多数⼈来说,多半还处于未知领域。美术家使⽤美术语⾔,正如我们使⽤⼀切语⾔⼀样,并不需要懂得语⾔的语法知识和语义学知识。
(3)得“意”忘“形”策略(或称“取意丢形”)。这种做法指的是:宏观上可以不顾原句结构,同时想办法将原句的意思“转译”出来,但这也并不排除句中的某些结构或词句位置需要保持不变。
He acts a lot older // than his years.
*他的⾏为要⽐他的年岁⽼得多。
他年纪轻轻,做事却相当⽼练。
The minimal cost for taking taxi // far outweighs the inconvenience // of being immobile in this vast urban area.
城区⼴⼤,交通不便,⽆法⾛动,所以出这么点钱坐出租车还是⾮常划得来的(上算的)。
Production capacity is grossly underud with many idle workers and machines obvious to any visitor to the state factory.
⽣产能⼒根本没有充分利⽤。到这家国营⼯⼚参观,进⼊眼帘的是机器设备闲置,许多⼯⼈⽆济于事。
[注释:①with结构作状语的翻译;②注意⼀句话中,同⼀个形容词“idle”的两种译法:“闲置”和“⽆济于事”。