Module1SmallTalk词汇详解

更新时间:2023-07-05 00:41:30 阅读: 评论:0

Book1 Module1
请各位老师按需要增减
知识感悟
一、词汇详解
1. Small talk 闲聊(U)可加冠词可不加
have some small talk with sb 和某人闲聊一下
make small talk 闲聊
2. Serious
(人或事)严肃的,认真的;(事情或问题)严重的,危险的;真诚的,真心真意的;重要的,重大的;发人深省的;
【相关链接】
Be rious about sb/sth 对人或事认真的,真心真意的,严肃的
Be rious in sth 对某事认真,严肃的
I was pretty rious in what I said at dinner. 我晚餐时说的话是当真的。
Are you really rious about her? 你对她是认真的么?
Is she rious about learning to be a pilot? 她真想学开飞机吗?
I'm rious. 我是认真的。
Y ou can't be rious! 你真会开玩笑。
Be rious!严肃点,别扯了!
3.Lack vt.&vi.缺乏;缺少
n.缺少;缺少的东西
lack 做名词,常与of连用,“缺乏;需要”。前面可带冠词可以不带冠词例如:There is no lack of vegetable. 蔬菜不缺。
a lack of money. 缺乏金钱
It was lack of current capital that defeated their business.
因为缺少流动资本,他们的企业才告失败。
lack作名词用时,如果表示“缺少的东西”,前面要加不定冠词。例如:
Water is a lack of this region. 这个地区缺水。
lack做及物动词,“缺乏, 没有, 需要”。例如:
He lacks courage. 他缺乏勇气。
lack 做不及物动词,“缺乏,缺少; 没有”,常于in和for搭配。例如:
She is lacking in responsibility. 她缺少责任心。
They lacked for nothing. 他们什么都不缺。
注意:lack作动词用时,没有被动语态。
【典型例句】
诗魂She lacks the money to buy new clothes. 她缺少钱买新衣服。
In the hot summer the plants lacked water. 炎热的夏天,植物缺水。
He can not buy it becau of the lack of money. 他因缺钱买不起这个。
做好事的例子【相关链接】
lack构成的短语:
社区服务心得体会
for/by/from lack of因缺乏……;因无……
He cannot do the work for lack of skill. 由于缺乏技术,他不能做这项工作。
no lack of不缺乏;很多
There is no lack of such people. 不乏其人。
We have no lack of money 我们并不缺钱。
lack sth in在……缺少[不足]
be lacking in sth 在……不足; 不够:
4. Be nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
【巧记提示】
Consumers are very nervous about the future.
消费者对未来充满了忧虑。
They are nervous about their first trip abroad.
他们对初次出国旅游感到紧张。
【考点聚焦】
1)nervous的词形变化:
nervously adj. nervousness n.
2)nervous的常用搭配:
be nervous of(doing )sth胆怯,害怕
I'm nervous of (being in) large crowds. 我在大庭广众之下感到胆怯.
feel nervous about/at sth. 因为某事而心中忐忑不安
3)辨析nervous,anxious和upt:
nervous在事情发展的过程中有一种害怕、紧张的感觉,相当于rather afraid。如:I’m always nervous when I have to make a speech.
在必需演讲时我总感到紧张。
anxious 由于害怕某种事情会发生而感到焦急、担心,相当于worried。如:
Y our mother will be anxious until she hears you’re safe.
你妈妈只有在听到你安然无恙时才会放下心来。
upt 由于某事的发生而感到心烦意乱。如:
She was very upt when the dog died. 狗死了, 她感到心烦意乱。
5.Advance adj.预先的;在前的
n.前进;增长;进步/C,U/
vi.&vt.进展;提升;促进;提出;提前
【典型例句】
I have received an advance payment. 我已收到一笔预付款。
The invention of the wheel is a great advance in human history.
在人类历史上车轮的发明是一项巨大进步。
Plane tickets are booked in advance. 飞机票要提前预订。
He worked so well that he was soon advanced to the position of cretary.
他工作做得很好,不久被提升为秘书。
Chemical fertilizers advance the growth of crops. 化肥促进庄稼生长。
It was Hawking that advanced the theory of Black Holes.是霍金提出了“黑洞理论”。【要点归纳】
俄语的英文in advance 在前头;预先,事先
in advance of在……前面;比……进步;超过
He walked in advance of his wife. 他走在他妻子的前面。
Mr Fogg was an hour in advance of time. 福克先生早到了一小时。
an advance in sth 在……的改进; 进展; 改善:
an advances on sth 价格或数量的增加
advance sth (to sb)/ advance sb sth 预付(钱); 借(钱):
advance on/upon/toward 朝……前进,向……推进;进击
【词形变化】advanced adj. 高级的;先进的
6.Nod vi 点头,打盹vt 点(头);点头表示;向...点头表示
Mom nodded her head
nod to/at sb 向……点头
nod sth (to sb) 向……点头(示意)
He nodded me a welcome/nodded a welcome to me. 他对我点点头表示欢迎.
He nodded to me to leave the room. 他向我点头示意让我离开房间.
nod off=fall asleep 睡着打盹
7.Think of 想起;回忆起;考虑;想到;认为
【巧记提示】I couldn’t think of the name of that man anyhow.春天的四字词语
我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。
【考点聚焦】1)用法拓展:
①think of “想起”,通常置于cannot, could not, try to, want to 等之后。
②用于would not, could not 等之后,表示“万想不到, 做梦也没有想到”。如:
I wouldn’t think of lling the land.
海怪怎么吃>havent我做梦也不会想到要卖那块土地。
③“想, 认定, 认为”, 后面有时跟as。
I think of him as a happy person with lots of friends.
我认为他是个快乐的、朋友众多的人。
④“考虑, 就……思考, 想象”。
What do you think of my new car?
你觉得我的新车怎么样?
think 的相关句型和词组:
I don’t think. 得了吧。(用于对自己不相信的事情, 表示反语讽刺之意。)
I think not. 我不以为然。(用以回答对方的发问, 但I don’t think so 比较普遍。) think about 思考, 熟虑
think aloud 边想边说, 自言自语
think back 回想
think much/highly of 重视, 看重
think nothing/little of 认为……没什么, 不重视,不假思索
think out 想出, 研究出
think over 好好考虑, 熟虑
think through 仔细考虑,想透
8. Sigh vi 叹气,叹息
sigh with sth带着……叹气
He sighed with despair. 他失望的叹息
sigh for sth为……惋惜,思念,热望
Emilia sighed for her lost youth. 伊米莉亚为逝去的青春而惋惜。
9. look away from 把目光从……移开
【巧记提示】Don’t look away from the person who’s talking to you.
不要把目光从正在和你说话的人的脸上移开。
【考点聚焦】相关词组:
look about/around/round 环顾
look after 照顾
look back (at/to/on/upon)回头看, 回忆, 回顾
look down on/upon 轻视,看不起
look forward to 盼望
闭门思过
look into 调查
look out 当心;留神;提防
look through 仔细查看, 浏览, 透过……看去
look up 参考,查阅;抬头望
10.in addition 除此之外;另外
【典型例句】
When Diane fell,she hurt her arm and,in addition,broke her glass.
黛安妮摔倒时,摔伤了胳臂,还摔坏了眼镜。
In addition to English,he has to study a cond foreign language.
除英语外,他还得学第二外语。
【要点归纳】
in addition和in addition to的用法与besides相同。
【相关链接】
besides prep.“除……之外还有……”;adv.“此外”。包含关系。
except prep.“除了……之外其他都……”,排除关系。
except for prep.“除……外”,叙述了总的情况后,用来排除细节情况。在句首时可代替except。
except that “除……外”,作逻辑上的宾语。
except when “除……外”,作逻辑上的时间状语。
but prep.“除……外”,常放在疑问代词和不定代词后面。如:nothing but;who but you。
apart from既可代替besides,也可代替except。
other than“除……之外”。有时相当于except,有时在句中表示某事发生的条件。如: Y ou cannot reach the village other than by boat.
除了乘船外,你到不了这个小村庄。
11.Find out了解(到);找出(信息);发现;打听
find out意思为“找出,发现,查出(真相等),常构成四种句式。①find out +名词或代词;②find out+疑问词+不定式;③find out + wh-/ if ( whether) 从句;④find out+that 从句。
【典型例句】
Can you find out Mr Johnson’s address for me?
你能帮我查一下约翰逊先生的地址吗?
Will you try to find out when the trains leave?
请设法打听一下火车发车的时间好吗?
She will find out all his crets.
她将发现他所有的秘密。
The engineer hurried to find out when the accident happened.
工程师赶忙去事故找什么时间发生的。
The students found out that their teacher was ill. 学生们发现老师病了。
【句型结构】
Find out what/ when/how/who……
Find out that……
【相关链接】
find,find out和discover的区别:
find指找到“丢失的东西”或“偶然发现”某物或某事。
When he got to England,he found that his English was too limited.
他到达英国时发现他的英语太有限了。
find out的意思是“查明真相”“弄清楚某个事实”,多指经过探听、询问、调查之后才发现某事。
He has found out the man who stole the key.
他已查出了偷钥匙的那个人。
discover指偶然的找到或发现,这时与find同义,也可表示经研究而首次发现早已存在但尚未被人所知的事物、真理或情况,这时与find out同义,但指科学方面的发现时,要用discover。
The book was discovered/found among waste papers.
这本书是在废文件中发现的。
Columbus discovered America.
哥伦布发现了美洲。
12.Opportunity/C.U/良机,机会
opportunity for (doing) sth做……的机会
opportunity for hearing good music 听好听的音乐的机会
opportunity of doing sth 做……的机会
an opportunity of explaining it 一个解释它的机会
opportunity to do sth做……的机会
take the opportunity to do sth/of doing sth 趁机……做
We took the opportunity of visiting the palace. 我们趁便参观了皇宫.
13.Obligation n./C.U/责任;义务
【典型例句】
Our parents fulfilled their obligation to support us.父母亲尽到了抚养我们的责任。We are under an obligation to help the poor. 我们有义务帮助穷人。
She's under an obligation to him
【要点归纳】
obligation to sb/sth 对……有义务
under an obligation有义务;必须
have an obligation (to do something) 有义务;必须做……
be under an obligation (to do something) 有义务;必须做……
be under no obligation (to do something) 没有义务做……
8. application n. 申请
【巧记提示】apply (v. 申请),y变为i+c+-ation(词缀,表示“……的动作或状态”) 【精典例句】The manager received twenty applications for the post.

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