Period 3 Grammar
1.掌握重要词汇,如look down upon, refer to的用法。
2.理解主谓一致的概念,掌握主谓一致的基本原则、分类和用法。
1.通过对教材P88的阅读,掌握主谓一致的基本规则和用法。
2.通过本章节的学习,在具体语言环境中掌握主谓一致并学以致用。
重点短语贯众 | 1. 蔑视;瞧不起 2. 查阅;参考;谈到 |
重点语法 | 主谓一致 |
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自我核对
重点短语:
1.look down upon / on 2.refer to
选择适当的词填空
1.Neither you nor your sister (has / have) been working hard.
巨蟹宝宝2.Fifteen percent of the students (is / are) abnt today.
3.One thousand dollars (is / are)若者 a lot of money to such a little child.
4.Your brother, as well as his friends, (is / are) very kind to us.
5.What he said (is / are) reasonable.
6.The class (is / are) the best in the school.
7.News (is / are) indispensable to our life.
8.The first two questions were easy, but the rest of them (was / were) not.
9.The singer and dancer (is / are) welcomed warmly by the local people.
10.No teacher and no student (is / are) listening to the lecture.
【答案】1.has 2.are 3.is 4.is 5.is 6.is 7.is
8.were 9.is 10.is
1.look down upon
解构主义阅读下列句子,注意look down upon的意思及用法。
She looks down upon people whove never been to university.她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
You cant look down upon a person becau he is poor.你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。
通过观察以上句子,我们发现look down upon意思是“ ”。
【答案】蔑视;瞧不起
look on sb / sth as把某人/物看作
look on 袖手旁观
look into sth 调查或审查某事物
look up 查阅(单词、资料);向上看
look 高兴作文(sb) up and down 上下打量(某人)
look out for sb / sth警惕或留心某人 / 物
look forward to 盼望
look through 浏览;快速查看
Ⅰ.完成句子
(1) He was (被人看不起) becau he was born in a poor family.
(2) He is (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject.
(3) If you want to know how a word is ud, it in a dictionary.
(4) The old couple miss their son very much.They are (盼望) his return.
(5)Plea be patient.The police will (调查) the accident as soon as possible.
【答案】(1)looked down upon (2)looked on as (3)look; up (4)looking forward to (5)look into
Ⅱ.单项填空
I dont any student even if he often fails his exams.
A.look up to B.look up
C.look down D.look down upon
【答案与解析】D 句意:血洒金钱我不会瞧不起任何一个学生,即使他经常考试不及格。look down upon“瞧不起”。
2.refer to
阅读下列句子,注意refer to的意思及用法。
The books refer to Asian problems.这些书涉及亚洲问题。
She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.当我们谈话时,她以为我指的是她的女儿。
Plea refer to the dictionary if you dont know how to pronounce the word.如果你不知道这个单词如何发音,请查字典。
通过观察以上句子,我们发现refer to意为“ ”。
【答案】指的是;涉及;查阅
get down to 着手做
keep to 遵守
take to 开始从事;沉湎于
turn to 求助于
lead to导致;引起;通向
stick to 坚持
prefer sth to sth喜欢某事物而不喜欢其他事物
完成句子
(1改变生活)Although she didnt mention any names, everyone knew who she was (指的是).
(2)He gave the speech (没有参阅) his notes.
(3)He likes to (被称为) “Doctor Khee”.
【答案】(1)referring to (2)without referring to (3)be referred to as
主谓一致
一、主谓一致的概念及基本原则
所谓主谓一致就是指在句子中,谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致。主谓一致涉及三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1.语法一致。语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
2.意义一致。意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记。
主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数时,谓语动词用复数。
The only people who are interested in the book em to be lawyers.唯一对这本书感兴趣的人好像是律师们。
The majority of primary school teachers are women.大多数小学老师是女的。
主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数时,谓语动词用单数。
No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。
3.就近一致。就近一致原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。
There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining room.餐厅中央有一张方桌和几把椅子。
Either your students or William knows this.不是你的学生就是威廉知道这件事。
二、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
1.由and, and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,如果表示的人或物是不同的,或表示其他不同的观念时,谓语动词用复数形式。如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Mary and her sister are interested in playing chess.玛丽和她的妹妹对下棋感兴趣。
The peasant and writer is making a speech in the meeting room.那位农民作家正在会议室里演讲。
平家蟹2.两个作主语的名词或代词由or, , , .等连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近一致原则,与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher hasnt come.学生们和老师都没来。
Either he or I am wrong.不是他错就是我错。
3.由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语,其主语由every, each, no等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every boy and every girl was given a ticket.每个男孩和女孩都得到了一张票。
Each hour and each minute is precious.每一小时每一分钟都是宝贵的。
