专四语法（主谓一致）
一．以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
• 有些疾病的名称带有-s词尾，通常作单数用
幼儿教师三年规划
– 丙卡特罗片说明书The measles（or mumps，rickets，smallpox，shingles）is a dia very common in this village．
• 表示游戏名称的名词通常作单数用
– Billiards（or Bowls，Dominos，Draughts）is my favorite game．
– 但：Cards are not interesting to me．
• 有些学科的名称，虽以-s结尾，却都作单数；但若这类名词表示学科以外的其它意义，便可以做复数用。
– My mathematics are poor．
– The economics of this country are stable．
– Such politics are foolish．
– Such tactics are ridiculous
• 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，尽管带有复数词尾，但系一政治实体，做单数用；
• 但如不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常作复数用。
集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
二．集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
• 有些有生命的集体名词，如cattle, police，people，youth, mankind, folk等做主语时，谓动常用复数。
• 无生命的词，如foliage(叶子），machinery(机械），merchandi(商品、货物）等做主语时，谓动用单数。
• 还有一些集体名词如：audience, class, crew, committee, family, team, group, army, police等做主语时，如指一整体，谓动用单数；如指全体中的每一个成员，谓动则用复数。
• 如果主语是由“a committee of”等+复数名词，随后的动词常用单数。
三．以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 由and/both…and连接的并列结构作主语时，谓动一般用复数。
如果意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一概念时，谓动要用单数。
The singer and writer is famous to everyone.
A pen and book is what I need.
A needle(针）and thread(线）was found on the floor.
Other Examples
War and peace 战争与和平 ham and eggs火腿蛋
egg and rice 蛋炒饭 law and order 治安
bread and butter奶油面包 folk and knife
wheel and axle 轮轴 needle and thread一套针线
love and hate love and affection 感情
a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯 aim and end 目的
truth and honesty 真诚 capacity and efficiency效能
ignorance and negligence 玩忽无知 trial and error 试验摸索
time and tide 岁月 iron and steel 钢铁
the wear and tear 磨损；消耗
2.当each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…,many a…and many a….等结构做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
3. 由not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…,…or…等连接的并列主语，谓动通常依据就近原则。
4. 当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依据主语本身的单、复数形式而定。
五年级上册语文教学工作总结5.当主语由 as well as, along with, together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, in addition to, like, including, besides等词连接时，其谓动的单复数形式通常由这些词语前的名词来决定。
• ① An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, is to be built here.
• ② The professor, together with many of his students, is entering the meeting hall.
6. 一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓动应用复数。
Ancient(古代）and modern history are the subjects we are studying.
但如果表示的是同一概念时，谓动应用单数
The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14.
terratecThe League cretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B.
四.不定代词做主语时的主谓一致
1.不定代词 each, another, the other, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所构成的复合代词做主语时，谓动用单数形式。
① Neither of us has gone through regular training.
② Nobody wants to go there.
③ Something has been done to end the strike.
2. none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数形式；none of + 可数名词 ——谓语动词单复均可，none 单独用，代表不可数名词，用单数；代表复数时，可单可复。
3. all 做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。
① All is well that ends well.
② All are eager to reach an agreement.
五．表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词做主语时的主谓一致（补充）
1. 当主语是 most, the rest, the last, the remainder 等时，谓动应依据of后宾语的单复数而定。
①Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here.
② After the big fire, the remainder is nothing
2.当town, school, village等分别表示总称的“镇民”、“全体师生”、“村民”时，谓动用单复数均可。有时其前可用the或the whole修饰。
①The whole school were/was sorry when she left.
②The whole town is/are in agreement about the plan.
六．“the+形容词/过去分词做主语的主谓一致
“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓动用复数；若指某一抽象概念或个别人、事，则用单数。
①The sick here are very well cared for.
②The true is to be told from the fal.
the number of做主语时，谓动用单数；a number of做主语时，谓动用复数。
The number of mistakes is田鸡过河 surprising.
A number of books are missing from the library.
补充
1. 肯定 + 否定 + V. (如果主语是由肯定与否定组合时，动词 与肯定主语一致。)
e.g. It is I, not you, who am wrong.= It is I who am wrong, not you.
2. 地点副词（短语）+ V. + 主语 （此为倒装句型）
e.g. Among the guests was standing John.= John was standing among the guests.
七．名词性分句作主语时的主谓一致
1.以who, why, how, whether或that引导的从句做主语时，谓动用单数。
Why she did this is not known
2. and连接的两个名词性从句做主语，如表示两件事情，则谓动用复数。
What caud the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us.孕妇缺钙吃什么食物补充最快
3. 在以what从句作主语的”主系表“结构中，主句的谓动要以表语名词的单复数而定。
• ① What caud the accident 北京化工大学研究生孕期失眠is a complete mystery.
• ② What his father left him are a few English books.
4.在what从句所引导的”主系表“结构中，若从句中具有两个以上的动词，主句中谓动应用复数。 What I say and think are none of your business.
5. 如果what-分句本身明显表示复数意义，比如what-分句的动词和补语都是复数，那么主句动词也可用复数。
