一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
延迟退休最新方案The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn't be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.
However, we broadly agree that there's a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman's view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be nt to war, could be capable of connt, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, ven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything—is quite an amusing proposal.
Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don't (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they've lost it.
名读书The first part of his ca is lf-evident: pensions are protected while children's centers are clod, concepts such as sovereignty (最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (怀念) for a past the young wouldn't even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.
Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promis to them, which could never be realized. Well, it's not children's fault.
Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural n of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped n of lf-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful ca against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a hou, they shouldn't cost money, becau nobody would want anyone el not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only tho things that you wouldn't mind someone el not having.
On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but i
n the normal run of things, we're united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do em to believe in your politics until they're adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there's so much enfranchiment (选举权) in it for us? Now, if parents could be trusted to u their influence wily, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn't necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a
few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But that's not worth talking about anyway, becau parents can't be trusted, otherwi we'd all already vote Green(绿党).
In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchid.
（1）The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that ________.
A. certain rights are granted at different stages of life
B. there's a common standard for the age of adulthood
C. people mature at different rates in various aspects
灵活性训练D. a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote
（2）People reject David Runciman's proposal becau ________.
A. they believe children are far from mature in many ways
B. they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility
C. they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned
D. they don't think a child can grow into adulthood earlier
（3）What is the ba for David Runciman's argument?
A. Public ignorance of children's abilities.
B. Inequalities of opportunity.
C. A cultural preference for the old.
椰汁西米露D. The imbalance in political life.
（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that ________.
A. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic
B. children are innocent and don't want to be involved in politics
C. children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult's trick
D. children are good-natured and like to help people in need
（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ________.
A. twisted culture
B. parents' objections
C. misu of rights
D. unusual maturation （6）What is the main point of the passage?什么是寓言
A. There is a difference between adults and children.
B. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.
C. The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.
D. Parents should introduce politics to their children.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
（6）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许儿童投票的
提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁的孩子应该被授予选举权。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16,
but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一样的。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be nt to war, could be capable of connt, could be given responsibility for anything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任。由此推断，人们拒绝David Runciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful ca against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a hou, they shouldn't cost money, becau nobody would want anyone el not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only tho things that you wouldn't mind so meone el not having.”可知，孩子反对私有财产，因为他们觉得每个人需要房子，他们不应该花钱买房，此外食物也应该是免费的，这是一种前马克思共产主义的想法，由此可推测孩子更加公平，更期待理想社会。故选A。
（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes.”可知，给孩子投票权其实只是给父母额外投票权的一种方式，由此推断作者认为给孩子投票权可能会导致投票权的滥用。故选C。
（6）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchid.”可知，作者认为6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权，但是如果将来有任何会影响英国以及欧盟移民未来50年政治生活的投票出现话，16岁的孩子应该被赋予选举权，由此可知作者认为儿童被赋予选举权并不完全是荒谬的。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won't choke to death. It's debatable whether that last one there is common knowledge or not. A quick Google arch of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back veral years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppo it's one of tho things that come up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out).
If you jump over to Bic's website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: "The reason that some BIC® pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from completely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cas where the cap is considered too large to be a choking risk."
That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we'd share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to come up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard.
The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: "100 percent of pen balls are made through a highly-controlled process." As oppod to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppo.
（1）Why does the author mention the ca of Yellowstone?
A. To list the facts.
B. To prove his point.
C. To compare the two situations.
D. To emphasize the importance of safety.
（2）What does the underlined word "obstructing" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Block.
B. Open.
炒焖子的做法C. Transform.
D. Narrow.
（3）Why were the writing tests on pens carried out?
A. To work out their lifespan.
B. To assure their good quality.
C. To prove some random facts.
D. To compare different pens with each other.（4）In what tone does the author develop the text?
A. Critical.
B. Acid.
C. Humorous.
D. Serious.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。
（1）考查推理判断。毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观点，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻
塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Some things should just be common knowledge by
now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. "和第三段中的"That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Water is a necessity of life. Rain, especially, helps plants grow and stay green. But too much rain, especially in cities, can lead to flooding. That can cau waste water systems to overflow and nd p
ollutants into rivers and other waterways. To fight the problem, veral cities in the United States are starting programs like rooftop gardens.
A team at the University of the District of Columbia in the nation's capital has created a garden on the top of one school building. The garden holds many kinds of plants to help absorb rainwater and grow food at the same time. Architect David Bell has designed five "green roofs" for the university. He says he is excited about the project becau "it meant doing something more than just dealing with storm water management. It took advantage of a resource above the city and the flat roofs that aren't doing anything really became something that was about urban agriculture." Rainwater is collected in large containers and nt through a system that waters the rooftop garden. The roof is filled with green life that appeals to incts.
In cities, "you don't have that many spaces to choo from and so rooftops are just (unud) space," says Caitlin Arlotta. She is a student in the school's Urban Agriculture program. The project is part of a rearch program to e which plants do well on rooftops. The rearchers are looking at plants including strawberries, tomatoes and sweet potatoes. The university also has other green spaces. "We also have our own farm experiments," Arlotta said. "Within each of tho growing systems, we want to be able to tell people which sorts of the crops grow the best."
Sandy Farber Bandier helps run UDC's Master Gardener program. It eks to improve cities and make them beautiful by training people to become Master Gardeners. She says she's been surprid by the garden's output. "My biggest surpri was that we produced 4, 250 pounds of produce the first year and was able to spread that to people in need." She also likes being able to show people who live in D. C. and others beyond the nation's capital what and how food can be grown on a rooftop. "This is the future for food. You grow it here, you prepare it in a commercial kitchen, you distribute through farmers markets, food trucks, and then you recycle."奋斗的头像
（1）What do we know about the rooftop gardens?
A. Rooftop gardens are very common in average neighborhoods.
B. There are many sorts of plants there which help take in rainwater.
C. They're playing an important role in the city's food supply.
D. Rooftop gardens are no more than containers to collect rainwater.
（2）What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A. Rooftops can offer enough space to plant crops.
B. Many plants like strawberries can grow well on rooftops.
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